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Sex, Eggs, Parents, Nests > Mating and Eggs > Flashcards

Mating and Eggs Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Male chromosome are __ and females are ___

A

ZZ, ZW

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2
Q

____ determine gender

A

females

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3
Q

___ ____ is absent, and the _____ ____ is smaller

A

right ovary, right testis

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4
Q

No external genitalia, except _____

A

waterfowl

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5
Q

Copulation lasts only a few seconds and can be called a _______

A

“cloaca kiss”

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6
Q

Testis vary in size, monogamy related to ____ testis

A

larger

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7
Q

_________ in brain triggers other hormones.

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

Anterior pituitary is associated with ____ and ____.

A

FSH and LH

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9
Q

FSH is related to…

A

gametogenesis

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10
Q

LH is related to…

A

hormones in testis, development of follicles

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11
Q

Gonads produce…

A

testosterone and estrogen

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12
Q

Estrogen is involved in

A

nest building and parental care

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13
Q

Testosterone is involved in

A

aggression, plumage, and colors

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14
Q

Testosterone is higher in ______ _____ than the ____.

A

Polyandrous females, males

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15
Q

Some males exhibit territorial behavior while testosterone is ___.

A

low

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16
Q

Other hormones control ____ _____.

A

Male behavior

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17
Q

Effects of testosterone differ even in different ____.

A

populations (white crowned sparrows)

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18
Q

The shell is ____ and has __ layers.

A

porous, 2

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19
Q

Inner layers of egg continous with choriallantois, it is ____ and has ___ _____.

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A

vascularized, gas exchange

20
Q

Eggs contain pigments for….

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A

camouflage and strength

21
Q

_____ ___ do not roll and are used by cliff nesters.

22
Q

What are the 4 embryonic layers?

Study These Flashcards
A

Amnion - around embryo
Yolk Sac
Allantois - waste
Chorion - around everything, continuous with shell

23
Q

More yolk in ______ young.

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A

precocial

-Longer time in egg, born advanced

24
Q

More _______ in second eggs.

25
What are the two types of resource allocation?
Capital breeders - egg resources come from stored energy (ducks) Income breeders - resources directly from daily energy intake
26
What are the two ways of replacing eggs?
Determinate layers - lost eggs are not replaced | Indeterminate - eggs are replaced (ducks)
27
Most complex nests are made by _______.
Passeriformes
28
Three types of nests...
Cavity or hole nest Open-cup Dome
29
_____ nests are the most complex
Hanging
30
What are the 4 ways to keep a nest safe?
Location Chase predators Draw predators away from nests Remove eggshells
31
What is involved with picking location of a nest?
1. Inaccessible : cliff, water 2. Hidden 3. Camouflaged: mud, sticks 4. Enclosed, difficult access 5. Near large animals or stinging insects Stone-curlew nest near crocodiles
32
Incubation must be kept at ___-___ degrees.
35-40
33
______ hormone increases parental behaviors, ______ inhibits.
Prolactin, testosterone
34
Both parents incubate in about ___% of families.
50
35
Even in female only incubation, males _______.
provide food
36
_____ in incubation often have a ritual.
Shifts
37
Most species incubate with body heat, enhanced by _____ _____.
brood patches
38
__________ build compost heap so they do not have to sit on the eggs.
Moundbuilders
39
How do birds cool eggs?
sprinkle water, eggs need to be turned
40
Birds can hatch ________ or _______.
Synchronous or asynchronous
41
What is pipping?
Chicks hatching, punctures the air chamber then shell counterclockwise -takes 2 days, hatching muscles on neck and egg tooth
42
Precocial young is most likely an ______ condition.
ancestral | -fossil embryos in egg with feathers
43
________ advantage is faster development (3-4x)
altricial
44
Parenting involves
brooding (protection and feeding
45
Chicks require a lot of protein...
Seed eaters feed invertebrates to young | Pigeons, penguins feed esophageal fluids, protein rich
46
Begging call and gaping mouths stimulate _________.
feeding behaviors
47
Sibling rivalry...
Common in species with staggered hatching Siblicide in eagles and most herons Parents are usually passive

Sex, Eggs, Parents, Nests (1 decks)

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