Matter

Question 1

Describe the particle theory of matter

Answer 1

All matter is composed of particles. Particles have forces between them. Particles have spaces between them. Particles have energy and are in constant movement.

Question 2

Why does the temperature remain constant during a phase change in matter?

Answer 2

The energy is used to change the forces between the particles.

Question 3

Define gas pressure in a container

Answer 3

The rate at which the particles collide with the side of the container

Question 4

Do these flashcards contain anything about the atomic model?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Outline radioctive decay

Answer 5

The emission of radioactive particles from unstable nuclei to make the nuclei more stable

Question 6

Name the three isotopes of hydrogen

Answer 6

• Protium
• Deuterium
• Tritium

Question 7

State the mass numbers of two chlorine isotopes

Answer 7

• 35

- 37

Question 8

State the mass numbers of three uranium isotopes

Answer 8

• 235
• 237
• 238

Question 9

Name three uses of radioactive isotopes

Answer 9

• Cancer treatment
• Carbon dating
• Power generations (nuclear power)

Question 10

Now other way to ask this, than name 8 properties of alkali metals

Answer 10

• Soft
• Reactive with oxygen
• Floats on water
• Melting-and boiling points decrease down the group
• Reactivity increases down the group
• Most compounds white
• Reacts with oxygen to form oxides
• Reacts with water to form hydroxides

Question 11

Name 5 properties of alkali-earth metals

Answer 11

• Less reactive
• Reactivity down the group increases
• Reacts with oxygen to form oxides
• Reacts with water to form hydroxides
• White compounds

Question 12

Name 6 general properties of halogens

Answer 12

• Non-metals
• Reactivity down the group decreases
• Reacts with metals to form salts
• Diatomic
• Colour becomes darker down the group
• State changes from gas to solid down the group

Question 13

Name two properties and one use of flourine

Answer 13

• Yellow gas
• Poisonous
• Added to toothpaste to reduce tooth decay

Question 14

Name two properties and one use of chlorine

Answer 14

• Green gas
• Poisonous
• Added to drinking water to kill bacteria

Question 15

Name two properties and three uses of bromine

Answer 15

• Brown liquid
• Gives of poisonous vapour
• Used in photography
• Medicine
• Disinfectants

Question 16

Name one properties and two uses of noble gases

Answer 16

• Unreactive
• Used to fill lightbulbs
• Used to full balloons

Question 17

Name 5 properties of transition metals

Answer 17

• Metals (Duh)
• Not very reactive
• High melting point
• High density
• Coloured compounds

Question 18

Describe metallic bonding

Answer 18

An arrangement of positibe metal ions with delocalised electrons originating from the outer shells of the metal atoms

Question 19

Which type of bonding will occur between two atoms from groups IV and V?

Answer 19

Covalent bonding

Question 20

Name the two types of covalent bonds

Answer 20

• Molecular

- Macromolecular

Question 21

Name three properties of molecular covalent bonds

Answer 21

• Low melting point
• Soft
• Not conductive

Question 22

Name two macromolecular carbon allotropies

Answer 22

• Diamond

- Graphite

Question 23

Name two properties of diamond

Answer 23

• Hard (Rigid 3D structure)

- Does not conduct electricity (No free electrons)

Question 24

Name two properties of graphite

Answer 24

• Soft (Weak van der Waals forces)

- Conductive (Delocalised electrons in structure)

Question 25

Name five properties of ionic bonds

Answer 25

- Solid at room temperature - High melting and boiling points - Hard - Cannot conduct electricity in solid form - Conductive in liquid form

Question 26

Explain why ionic compounds are only conductive in liquid form

Answer 26

Ions in ionic compounds are only free to carry electricity if the compoud is molten or dissolved

Question 27

Name four properties of metallic compounds

Answer 27

- High melting points - Conductive - Malleable and ductile - High densities