Matter

Question 1

The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter.

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

Anything that occupies space and has weight.

Ex: nails, hair, skin. Water and oxygen.

Answer 2

Matter

Question 3

Some matter is living and some matter is not. It is the presence of the element ________ that distinguishes living matter from non living matter.

Answer 3

Carbon

Question 4

Two divisions of Chemistry for each kind of matter

All matter that is living or was alive at one timen - with carbon present - plants and animals:

Matter that is not alive or has never been alive - no carbon present - rocks, water, minerals:

Answer 4

Organic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

Question 5

Matter exists in three basic forms

Answer 5

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 6

Matter with definite weight, volume and shape

Answer 6

Solid

Question 7

Matter with definite weight and volume, but no shape

Answer 7

Liquid

Question 8

Matter with definite weight but indefinite volume and shape.

Answer 8

Gas

Question 9

Matter can be changed from one form nin two ways:

Answer 9

Physical change

Chemical change

Question 10

A change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance

Ex: melting ice or freezing water, breaking a glass, shredding paper

Answer 10

Physical change

Question 11

A change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original substance

Ex: iron changing to rust, hair color change by mixing color and hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 11

Chemical change

Question 12

Basic substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances.
All matter consists of atoms which make up ________

Answer 12

Elements

Question 13

Hair comprises two solids:

And three gases:

Answer 13

COHNS

Carbon and sulfur
Hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen

Question 14

The most abundant element in the earth’s crust, and the second most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere

Answer 14

Oxygen

Question 15

The smallest complete unit of an element

Answer 15

Atom

Question 16

Three main parts of an atom

Answer 16

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 17

Protons and neutrons pack together tightly to form a dense core or _____ at the center of the atom. Electrons move about the neuclus on orbiting paths at nearly the speed of light

Answer 17

Neucleus

Question 18

Protons

Answer 18

Positive electrical charge

Identify the atom (as, for example, hydrogen or oxygen…)

Question 19

Neutrons

Answer 19

No electrical charge - neutral charge

Determines the weight of the atom

Question 20

Electrons

Answer 20

Negative electrical charge.

Help atoms unite with other atoms to form bonds

Question 21

The atomic number indicates how many _______ are in a single atom

Which element has the simplest atomic structure?

Answer 21

Protons

Hydrogen is 1 - only 1 proton and 1 electron.

Question 22

The chemical behavior of an atom depends on the number of _______ in its outermost orbiting path or shell.

Stable vs unstable atoms

Answer 22

Electrons

Stable atoms: are not missing any electron sin their outer shell

Unstable atoms: missing electrons - these atoms seek other atoms to share electrons. When they combine they create complex units know as molecules.

Question 23

When two or more atoms are joined together by a chemical bond.

Formed when unstable atoms combine by sharing electrons

Answer 23

Molecule

Question 24

Amino acids are chemical compounds consisting of:

They join together to create _______

Answer 24

Compounds consisting of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.

Proteins

Question 25

Hair is a form of protein called

Answer 25

Keratin Hair is 97% keratin, 3% trace minerals Keratin contains 19 amino acids

Question 26

The chain or __________ , makes each type of protein one of a kind

Answer 26

The order in which amino acids link together

Question 27

The amino acids that create protein are linked together end to ende by a __________ also know as an _______ Formed when two amino acids are positioned end to end and attach to eachother

Answer 27

Peptide bond | End bond

Question 28

The backbone of all protein molecules

Answer 28

Peptide bond

Question 29

When thousands of amino acids are linked together lengthwise to form a chain

Answer 29

Polypeptide bond

Question 30

When doing hair remember: Hair is the linking together of : Do not disturb the:

Answer 30

Protein groups | Peptide bonds

Question 31

When amino acids combine to form the keratin protein of hair they take on a spiral configuration and link together by four _____ When performing chemical services it's ok to alter this bond

Answer 31

Side bonds Hydrogen bond Salt bond Disulfide bond Van der walls forces

Question 32

Unlike charges attract Weak bonds that can be broken by heat or water. They give hair their shape Gives hair 35% of its strength

Answer 32

Hydrogen bonds

Question 33

Unlike charges attract Help organize protein chains Account for another 35% of hair's resistance to change Not very strong bonds, can be weaker by water

Answer 33

Salt bonds

Question 34

These bonds can be altered by water and re shaped using heat What will always restore the original hydrogen and salt bonds

Answer 34

Hydrogen and salt bonds Humidity

Question 35

Sulfur-containing side bonds Most important bonds to hair stylists Can be chemically changed for lasting results Ex: perms and relaxers

Answer 35

Disulfide Bond