Matter and Its Properties

Question 1

smallest unit of matter

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

It is anything that occupies space and displays the properties of mass and inertia.

Answer 2

matter

Question 3

Refers to the parts or components of a sample of matter and their relative proportions.

Answer 3

composition

Question 4

Qualities or attributes that we can use to distinguish one sample of matter from others.

Answer 4

properties

Question 5

Properties of matter are generally grouped into two broad categories:

Answer 5

physical and chemical

Question 6

Measurement of the amount of matter the object has (e.g. weighing)

Answer 6

mass

Question 7

Measurement of the space occupied by an object

Answer 7

volume

Question 8

Relatively tiny building blocks of all matter

Answer 8

atoms

Question 9

According to the postulates of the particle theory of matter, ______ is made up of moving particles.

Answer 9

matter

Question 10

Matter particles are _________ to one another.

Answer 10

attracted

Question 11

There are ______ between matter particles.

Answer 11

spaces

Question 12

Particles of matter move more _______ as the temperature _____.

Answer 12

quickly; rises

Question 13

Atoms from _________ elements are _________, while those from the ____ element are nearly _________.

Answer 13

different; same; identical

Question 14

Matter can be classified into three states:

Answer 14

solid, liquid, and gas

Question 15

Attractive and repulsive forces that arise between the molecules of a substance.

Answer 15

intermolecular forces

Question 16

In this state of matter, substances are rigid and have definite shapes. The volumes of ______ do not vary much with changes in temperature and pressure.

Answer 16

solid

Question 17

In this state of matter, the individual particles are confined to a given volume. A ______ flow and assumes the shape of its container up to the volume of the ______. Furthermore, they are very hard to compress.

Answer 17

liquid

Question 18

This state of matter is much less dense than the other two. They occupy all parts of any vessel in which they are confined. They are capable of infinite expansion and are compressed easily, The individual particles are quite far apart.

Answer 18

gas

Question 19

Particles close together and organized

Answer 19

solid

Question 20

Particles close together but disorganized

Answer 20

liquid

Question 21

Particles far apart and disorganized

Answer 21

gas

Question 22

solid to liquid

Answer 22

melting

Question 23

liquid to solid

Answer 23

freezing

Question 24

liquid to gas

Answer 24

evaporation

Question 25

gas to liquid

Answer 25

condensation

Question 26

solid to gas

Answer 26

sublimation

Question 27

gas to solid

Answer 27

deposition

Question 28

Exhibited by matter as it undergoes changes in the composition

Answer 28

chemical property

Question 29

One that a sample of matter displays without changing its composition

Answer 29

physical property

Question 30

Energy, or work, required to increase the surface area of a liquid OR the tendency of a liquid's surface to resist rupture when placed under tension or stress.

Answer 30

surface tension

Question 31

Attractive forces between molecules of the same type. They are also responsible for surface tension.

Answer 31

cohesive forces

Question 32

Attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind.

Answer 32

cohesion

Question 33

Attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind

Answer 33

adhesion

Question 34

Upward motion against gravity

Answer 34

capillary action

Question 35

Attractive forces between molecules of different types.

Answer 35

adhesive forces

Question 36

Liquid's resistance to flow

Answer 36

viscosity

Question 37

Passage of molecules from the surface of a liquid into the gaseous, or vapor state.

Answer 37

vaporization or evaporation

Question 38

Vaporization occurs more readily with:

Answer 38

- increased temperature - increased surface area of the liquid - decreased strength of intermolecular forces

Question 39

Quantity of heat that must be absorbed to vaporize one mole of liquid at constant temperature and constant pressure.

Answer 39

enthalpy of vaporization

Question 40

Enthalpy of vaporization is often expressed in the unit:

Answer 40

kJ mol-1

Question 41

Opposite of vaporization, or the conversion of a gas or vapor to a liquid.

Answer 41

condensation

Question 42

It is when two opposing processes are occurring simultaneously and at equal rates.

Answer 42

dynamic equilibrium

Question 43

Pressure exerted by a vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid.

Answer 43

vapor pressure

Question 44

Vapor pressure increases with __________

Answer 44

temperature

Question 45

Occurs when the pressure exerted by escaping molecules equals that exerted by molecules of the atmosphere

Answer 45

boiling

Question 46

Temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it.

Answer 46

boiling point

Question 47

The point at which these conditions are reached and the liquid and vapor become indistinguishable.

Answer 47

critical point

Question 48

Boiling point of water

Answer 48

100 degrees Celsius

Question 49

It occurs when the molecules of a solid speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attractions so that the molecules can move past each other as a liquid.

Answer 49

melting

Question 50

The temperature at which melting occurs

Answer 50

melting point

Question 51

Reverse of melting

Answer 51

freezing

Question 52

Temperature at which freezing occurs

Answer 52

freezing point

Question 53

The quantity of heat required to melt a solid

Answer 53

Enthalpy of fusion

Question 54

The plot of temperature against time

Answer 54

cooling/heating curve

Question 55

The direct passage of molecules from the solid to the vapor state

Answer 55

sublimation

Question 56

The passage of molecules from the vapor to the solid state.

Answer 56

deposition

Question 57

The quantity of heat needed to convert a solid into vapor

Answer 57

Enthalpy of sublimation

Question 58

Properties which depend on the amount of material examined

Answer 58

extensive properties

Question 59

Properties which are independent of the amount of material examined

Answer 59

intensive properties

Question 60

Mixture of substance that is uniform in composition and properties throughout.

Answer 60

homogenous mixture or solution

Question 61

Substances comprising atoms of two or more elements joined together.

Answer 61

compounds

Question 62

Pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes.

Answer 62

elements

Question 63

Pure substance that can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes, always in a definite ratio.

Answer 63

compounds

Question 64

Pure substances are classified into two:

Answer 64

elements and compounds

Question 65

Mixtures are classified into two:

Answer 65

homogenous and heterogenous mixtures

Question 66

Have same composition throughout; components are indistinguishable

Answer 66

homogenous mixtures

Question 67

Do not have the same composition throughout; components are distinguishable

Answer 67

heterogeneous mixtures

Question 68

Process of separating a solid from the liquid in which it is suspended

Answer 68

filtration

Question 69

Technique to separate liquids based on their boiling points, such as water and alcohol.

Answer 69

distillation

Question 70

Way of separating mixture by means of color.

Answer 70

chromatography

Question 71

Explain how matter can change between different phases as well as why it exists in different states (solid, liquid, gas)

Answer 71

Particle Theory of Matter