Matter And Material

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (

Question 2

What are the 3 main states of matter?

Answer 2

Solid, Liquid, and Gas.

Question 3

What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?

Answer 3

A physical change does not create a new substance, while a chemical change forms one or more new substances.

Question 4

What are atoms?

Answer 4

the smallest building blocks of matter and make up everything around us

Question 5

What is an element?

Answer 5

A substance made of only one type of atom.

Question 6

What is a compound?

Answer 6

A substance made of two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Question 7

What is a mixture?

Answer 7

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated physically.

Question 8

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Answer 8

Compounds are chemically bonded and have fixed ratios; mixtures are physically combined and can vary in proportion.

Question 9

What is a molecule?

Answer 9

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Question 10

Give an example of a properties of material

Answer 10

Strength,brittle,malleable,ductile,density, Melting point and boiling point

Question 11

What is boiling point

Answer 11

The temperature of a liquid at which it’s vapour pressure equals the external (atmospheric) pressure

Question 12

What is Melting point

Answer 12

The temperature at which solid given sufficient heat becomes liquid

Question 13

Pure substance

Answer 13

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler components by physical methods

Question 14

What are chemical bonds

Answer 14

Chemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms together in a molecule or compound.

Question 15

What are the three main physical states of matter?

Answer 15

Solid,liquid and gad

Question 16

What is a solid?

Answer 16

A state of matter with a fixed shape and volume, and particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place.

Question 17

What is a liquid?

Answer 17

A state of matter with a fixed volume but no fixed shape. It takes the shape of its container and particles can move past each other.

Question 18

What is a gas?

Answer 18

A state of matter with no fixed shape or volume. Particles are far apart and move freely.

Question 19

How do particles behave in a solid?

Answer 19

They are closely packed and vibrate, but do not move from their positions.

Question 20

How do particles behave in a liquid?

Answer 20

They are close together but can slide past each other, allowing the liquid to flow.

Question 21

How do particles behave in a gas?

Answer 21

They are far apart, move quickly, and in all directions

Question 22

What happens when a solid is heated?

Answer 22

It may melt into a liquid as particles gain energy and move more freely.

Question 23

What is Brownian motion?

Answer 23

The random, movement of tiny/microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas.

Question 24

What causes Brownian motion?

Answer 24

Tiny particles are constantly hit by moving molecules of the liquid or gas around them.

Question 25

What does Brownian motion prove?

Answer 25

It shows that matter is made of tiny, moving particles, supporting the particle model of matter.

Question 26

What are intermolecular forces

Answer 26

Forces holding particles/molecules together

Question 27

Sublimation

Answer 27

The direct change from solid to a gas on heating,and from a gas to a solid cooling

Question 28

What is an atom?

Answer 28

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.

Question 29

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Answer 29

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

Question 30

Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom?

Answer 30

In the nucleus (center of the atom).

Question 31

Where are electrons found in an atom?

Answer 31

In energy levels or shells that orbit around the nucleus.

Question 32

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 32

Neutral (no charge)

Question 33

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 33

Number of protons in the nucleus of the atom of an element

Question 34

What is the mass number of an atom?

Answer 34

The total number of protons and neutrons in a atomic nucleus

Question 35

What holds the electrons in orbit around the nucleus?

Answer 35

The electrostatic force between the positive nucleus and negative electrons.

Question 36

What does the Kinetic Molecular Theory explain?

Answer 36

It explains how particles in matter move and behave based on temperature and state.

Question 37

What happens to particles as temperature increases?

Answer 37

They move faster and have more kinetic energy

Question 38

How do particles move in a solid?

Answer 38

They vibrate in fixed positions.

Question 39

How do particles move in a liquid?

Answer 39

They slide past each other but stay close together.

Question 40

How do particles move in a gas?

Answer 40

They move freely and rapidly in all directions.

Question 41

What is an atom with a charge called

Answer 41

Ion

Question 42

Negative Ions are called

Answer 42

Anions

Question 43

Positive Ions

Answer 43

Cations

Question 44

What are isotopes

Answer 44

variations of the same element that have the same number of protons (determining the element) but different numbers of neutrons

Question 45

What is a orbital

Answer 45

Is a region of space in which the probability of finding an electronic is high

Question 46

What is electron configuration?

Answer 46

Is the arrangement of electrons in an atom,molecule or other physical structure

Question 47

What are the names of the four main types of orbitals?

Answer 47

s, p, d, f

Question 49

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

Answer 49

s: 2 electrons p: 6 electrons d: 10 electrons f: 14 electrons

Question 50

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 50

There is a maximum of two electrons in each orbital provided the have opposite spin

Question 51

Hunds rule

Answer 51

There is no pairing in the p-,d- or f- orbitals before each orbital in that group has at least one electron