Matter and Measurements

Question 1

three phases of matter

Answer 1

solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

liquid

Answer 2

has a fixed volume but is not rigid in shape & volume

Question 3

gas

Answer 3

has neither a fixed volume nor shape

Question 4

solid

Answer 4

has a fixed shape & volume

Question 5

element

Answer 5

a type of matter that cannot be broken down into two or more pure substances

Question 6

what is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature

Answer 6

mercury

Question 7

what is a compound

Answer 7

a pure substance that contains more than one element

Question 8

example of a compound:

Answer 8

water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen

Question 9

compounds have fixed _________________.

Answer 9

compositions

Question 10

what does it mean to have a fixed composition?

Answer 10

a given compound always contains the same elements in the same percentages by mass

Question 11

another example of a compound is table salt, which contains sodium and chlorine

Answer 11

(NA) is a shiny, reactive metal and (Cl) is a poisonous, greenish-yellow gas. When these two elements are combined, a profound change takes place (it’s table salt!)

Question 12

electrolysis

Answer 12

involves passing an electric current through a compound, usually in the liquid state

Question 13

mixtures

Answer 13

a mixture contains two or more substances combined in such a way that each substance retains its chemical identity

Question 14

example of mixture:

Answer 14

When you shake copper sulfate with sand
(Figure 1.4), the two substances do not react with one another. In contrast, when
sodium is exposed to chlorine gas, a new compound, sodium chloride, is formed.

Question 15

what are the two types of mixtures

Answer 15

homogeneous and heterogeneous

Question 16

is solvent usually a liquid or a solid?

Answer 16

it is usually the liquid

Question 17

what is a solute usually?

Answer 17

it can be a solid, liquid, or gas

Question 18

homogeneous mixtures

Answer 18

(also known as uniform mixtures) are ones in which the composition is the same throughout

Question 19

heterogeneous mixtures

Answer 19

(nonuniform mixtures) are those in which the composition varies throughout

Question 20

what are some methods that can be used to separate components of a mixture from one another?

Answer 20

filtration, distillation, chromatography (GLC & GC)

Question 21

what type of mixture are most rocks?

Answer 21

heterogeneous (in a piece of granite, several components can be seen and distinguished so the things are not evenly mixed around)

Question 22

what is filtration used to separate?

Answer 22

a heterogeneous solid-liquid mixture

Question 23

how does filtration work?

Answer 23

the mixture is passed through a barrier with fine pores, such as filter paper.

Question 24

example of filtration:

Answer 24

Copper sulfate, which is water-soluble, can be separated from sand by shaking with water.

Question 25

what is distillation used to resolve?

Answer 25

used to resolve a homogeneous solid-liquid mixture

Question 26

how does distillation work?

Answer 26

the liquid vaporizes, leaving a residue of the solid in the distilling flask. the liquid is obtained by condensing the vapor

Question 27

what can distillation be used for?

Answer 27

to separate the components of a water solution of copper sulfate.

Question 28

mass vs. weight

Answer 28

mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object while wight is a measure of the gravitational force acting on the object

Question 29

intensive properties

Answer 29

the properties used to identify a substance; they must be independent of amount

Question 30

extensive properties

Answer 30

mass & volume are extensive properties; they depend on amount

Question 31

substances may be identified on the basis of their...

Answer 31

chemical or physical properties

Question 32

chemical properties