Matter And Mixtures Flashcards
(36 cards)
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Mass
Is the amount of matter in an object
3 states of matter
Solids
Liquid
Gas
Properties of solids
Definite shape, definite volume, cannot be compressed cannot flow
Properties of liquid
Have no definite shape , definite volume , cannot be compressed, can flow
Gases
Have no definite shape, have no definite volume, can be compresssed, can flow
Heat energy
In order for a substance to change state (from a solid to a liquid , or liquid to gas) it needs energy
Latent heat
As a substance changes state it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature , but the state of the material changes
The melting point
The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together (changing from a slid to a liquid)
The boiling point
of a liquid is when
Evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid (changing from a liquid to gas).
Condensation
Is the changing of a gas to a liquid.
Diffusion
Is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration E.g. spray perfume in one corner of the room , and it spreads to the rest of the room
Plasma
It is very similar to a gas, in fact plasma is a gas
That can carry an electric charge. Plasma
Particles spread out and move around
Randomly, but unlike gas, plasma has the
Ability to conduct electricity.
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more
Substances mingled together but not
Chemically combined E.g. sand and water.
There are 4 methods of separating mixtures
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble solids
(Do not dissolve in a liquid) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids
(dissolve in liquids) from a
solution by evaporating off the
liquid to leave the solids, E.g, salt, water.
Physical change
Physical change: no change in particles, just
the particle arrangement and energy, easy lo
reverse eg mixing water and salt
Chemical change
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very difficult to reverse E.g. burning a match
During a chemical reaction
The atoms arrange to form a new substance. Might be seen by colour change,temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles
Law of conversation of mass
Matter can be changed from one form to another . During physical and chemical changes, there is no overall change in mass
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with
different boiling points such as
alcohol (boils a 78°) and water
(boils at 100 9). Also used to
separate a soluble solid from a
liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure sample of each
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture of
dissolved substances in a
solution. E.g. the different
colours in a black marker
Mixture
Mixture – consists of two or more
substances mingled together but not
Chemically combined
Filtration
Filtration – used to separate an
insoluble solid and a liquid
