Matter and radiation

Question 1

What is an atom made up of?

Answer 1

a positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons

Question 2

Define a nucleon

Answer 2

a proton or a neutron in the nucleus

Question 3

What are the absolute charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Answer 3

+ 1.60⋅10−19, 0, and − 1.60⋅10−19 coulombs (C) respectively

Question 4

What are the relative charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Answer 4

1, 0, and − 1 respectively (charge relative to proton)

Question 5

What is the mass, in kilograms, of a proton, a neutron, and an electron?

Answer 5

1.67⋅10−27, 1.67⋅10−27, and 9.11⋅10−31 kg respectively

Question 6

What are the relative masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Answer 6

1, 1, and 0.0005 respectively (mass relative to proton)

Question 7

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 7

the number of protons

Question 8

Define an isotope

Answer 8

isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons

Question 9

Write what A, Z and X stand for in isotope notation ( XAZ )?

Answer 9

A: the number of nucleons (protons + neutrons)
Z: the number of protons
X: the chemical symbol

Question 10

Which term is used for each type of nucleus?

Answer 10

nuclide

Question 11

What is the specific charge of a proton and an electron?

Answer 11

9.58⋅107 and 1.76⋅1011 C kg−1 respectively

Question 12

Name the force that holds nuclei together

Answer 12

strong nuclear force

Question 13

What is the range of the strong nuclear force?

Answer 13

from 0.5 to 3−4 femtometres (fm

Question 14

Name the three kinds of radiation

Answer 14

alpha, beta, and gamma

Question 15

What particle is released in alpha radiation?

Answer 15

an alpha particle, which comprises two protons and two neutrons

Question 16

Write the symbol of an alpha particle

Answer 16

a^2 2

Question 17

What particle is released in beta radiation?

Answer 17

a fast-moving electron (a beta particle)

Question 18

Write the symbol for a beta particle

Answer 18

β^0−1

Question 19

Define gamma radiation

Answer 19

electromagnetic radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus

Question 20

What particles make up everything in the universe?

Answer 20

matter and antimatter

Question 21

Name the antimatter particles for electrons, protons, neutrons, and neutrinos

Answer 21

positron, antiproton, antineutron, and antineutrino respectively

Question 22

What happens when corresponding matter and antimatter particles meet?

Answer 22

they annihilate (destroy each other)

Question 23

List the seven main parts of the electromagnetic spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest

Answer 23

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays

Question 24

Write the equation for calculating the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 24

wavelength (λ) = )(frequency )( light of speed
c
f

Question 25

Define a photon

Answer 25

a packet of electromagnetic waves

Question 26

What is the speed of light?

Answer 26

3.00⋅108 m s−1

Question 27

Write the equation for calculating photon energy

Answer 27

photon energy (E) = Planck constant (h) ⋅ frequency (f)

Question 28

Name the four fundamental interactions

Answer 28

gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear