Matter and Radiation Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

What is an atom made up of?

A

a positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons,
surrounded by electrons

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2
Q

Define a nucleon

A

a proton or a neutron in the nucleus

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3
Q

What are the absolute charges of protons,

neutrons, and electrons?

A

+ 1.60×10−19, 0, and − 1.60×10−19 coulombs (C) respectively

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4
Q

What are the relative charges of protons,

neutrons, and electrons?

A

1, 0, and − 1 respectively (charge relative to proton)

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5
Q

What is the mass, in kilograms, of a proton, a

neutron, and an electron?

A

1.67×10−27, 1.67×10−27, and 9.11×10−31 kg respectively

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6
Q

What are the relative masses of protons,

neutrons, and electrons?

A

1, 1, and 0.0005 respectively (mass relative to proton

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7
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

the number of protons

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8
Q

Define an isotope

A

isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons

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9
Q

Write what A, Z and X stand for in isotope
notation ( A
X
Z )?

A

A: the number of nucleons (protons + neutrons)
Z: the number of protons
X: the chemical symbol

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10
Q

Which term is used for each type of nucleus?

A

nuclide

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11
Q

How do you calculate specific charge?

A

charge divided by mass (for a charged particle)

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12
Q

What is the specific charge of a proton and an

electron?

A

9.58×107 and 1.76×1011 C kg−1 respectively

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13
Q

Name the force that holds nuclei together

A

strong nuclear force

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14
Q

What is the range of the strong nuclear force?

A

from 0.5 to 3−4 femtometres (fm)

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15
Q

Name the three kinds of radiation

A

alpha, beta, and gamma

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16
Q

What particle is released in alpha radiation?

A

an alpha particle, which comprises two protons and two neutrons

17
Q

Write the symbol of an alpha particle

18
Q

What particle is released in beta radiation?

A

a fast-moving electron (a beta particle)

19
Q

Write the symbol for a beta particle

20
Q

Define gamma radiation

A

electromagnetic radiation emitted by an unstable nucleus

21
Q

What particles make up everything in the

universe?

A

matter and antimatter

22
Q

Name the antimatter particles for electrons,

protons, neutrons, and neutrinos

A

positron, antiproton, antineutron, and antineutrino respectively

23
Q

What happens when corresponding matter and

antimatter particles meet?

A

they annihilate (destroy each other)

24
Q

List the seven main parts of the electromagnetic

spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest

A

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays,
gamma rays

25
Write the equation for calculating the wavelength | of electromagnetic radiation
wavelength (λ) = speed of light(c) / frequency(f)
26
Define a photon
a packet of electromagnetic waves
27
What is the speed of light?
3.00×108 m s−1
28
Write the equation for calculating photon energy
photon energy (E) = Planck constant (h) × frequency (f)
29
Name the four fundamental interactions
gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, strong nuclear