matter and separating techniques

Question 1

particle movement in a solid

Answer 1

• vibrates in a fixed position
• particles closely together
• has a fixed volume
• regular pattern

Question 2

particle movement in liquid

Answer 2

• particles slides over each other
• definite volume but not a definite shape
• random arrangement

Question 3

particle movement in a gas

Answer 3

• particles are far apart
• particles move around quickly
• random arrangement

Question 4

the process of solid to liquid?

Answer 4

melting

Question 5

the process of liquid to solid?

Answer 5

freezing

Question 6

the process of liquid to gas?

Answer 6

evaporation

Question 7

the process of gas to liquid?

Answer 7

condensation

Question 8

the process of solid to gas?

Answer 8

sublimation

Question 9

what happens when heat is added to solid?

Answer 9

the particles will vibrate more causing the solid to expand. it eventually becomes liquid

Question 10

what happens when heat is added to liquid?

Answer 10

the particles will move faster causing the liquid to expand slightly. it will then evaporate into gas

Question 11

what happens when heat is added to gas

Answer 11

the particles will move faster causing the gas to expand or increase their pressure.

Question 12

what is a solution?

Answer 12

it is a mixture of a solute and solvent that does not separate out

Question 13

what is a solute?

Answer 13

it is the substance being dissolved

Question 14

what is a solvent?

Answer 14

is the liquid it’s dissolving into

Question 15

what is a saturated solution?

Answer 15

a solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, so no more solute will dissolve in the solution.

Question 16

what does solubility (g per 100g of solvent ) mean?

Answer 16

the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in 100g of solvent.

Question 17

how to calculate the solubility (g per 100g of solvent)?

Answer 17

mass of solid(g) / mass of water removed (g) x 100

Question 18

what is an element?

Answer 18

a substance made of only one type of atom

Question 19

what is a compound?

Answer 19

a substance that contains 2 or more types of elements which are chemically bonded together.

Question 20

what is a mixture?

Answer 20

a substance made of 2 or more types of elements which are not chemically bonded together

Question 21

what has a specific, sharp melting point and boiling point?

Answer 21

a pure substance

Question 22

what gradually boils over a range of temperatures?

Answer 22

an impure substance.

Question 23

describe filteration

Answer 23

separates insoluble particles from liquid.

Question 24

describe simple distillation

Answer 24

separates a liquid from a solution. only works if there’s a large difference between the boiling point.

Question 25

describe fractional distillation

Answer 25

separates a mixture of liquids. used when the boiling point has a small difference between the boiling point

Question 26

describe crystallisation

Answer 26

when a solute is let to cool after evaporating the solvent in the solution.

Question 27

why does paper chromatography work?

Answer 27

different dyes move up in different rates. some will stick to the paper and some will dissolve and move up quickly

Question 28

how a chromatogram gives information about the composition of a mixture

Answer 28

by comparing a substance to a already known substance

Question 29

how to calculate the Rf value

Answer 29

Rf = distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent