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24 Principles of Anesthesia II > Maverick Modules (10 - 16) Ultrasound Basics > Flashcards

Maverick Modules (10 - 16) Ultrasound Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Who studied bat’s echolocative capabilities?

A

Spallanzani

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2
Q

Who discovered the speed of sound through water?

A

Colladon

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3
Q

Who invented the piezoelectric crystal?

A

Curie brothers

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4
Q

Who invented the Hydrophone?

A

Langevin

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5
Q

Who developed an ultrasonic apparatus in 1946?

A

Dusik

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6
Q

Who developed the first 2D B-mode ultrasound?

A

Howry & Holmes

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7
Q

Sound velocity is a product of…

A

Frequency & wavelength

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8
Q

Bone has a _____ propagation velocity. This results in a _______ image.

A

High : Hyperechoic

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9
Q

Air has a _____ propagation velocity. This results in a ______ image.

A

Slow : Anechoic

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10
Q

Soft tissue has an ________ propagation velocity. What image results from this?

A
  • Average
  • Isoechoic / Hypoechoic
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11
Q

The acoustic impedance of a tissue is a product of what two characteristics of the material?

A
  • Material density
  • Material propagation velocity
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12
Q

What are the acoustic impedance views of different materials?

A
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13
Q

Loss of signal is also known as __________.

A

Attenuation

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14
Q

What attenuation principle is depicted below?

A

Absorption

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15
Q

What attenuation principle is depicted below?

A

Reflection

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16
Q

What attenuation principle is depicted below?

A

Scattering

17
Q

What attenuation principle is depicted below?

A

Refraction

18
Q

What three factors affect how tissues reflect ultrasound waves?

A
  • Acoustic Impedance Mismatch
  • Angle of Insonation
  • Smoother or Specular Reflections
19
Q

What is Anisotropy?

A
20
Q

Which angle below will give a better image of the nerve?
Why?

A

A2 due to Angle of Insonation

21
Q

What’s the most important safety tip when utilizing ultrasound?

A

Always see the needle tip

22
Q

What type of reflection is noted below?

A

Specular Reflection

23
Q

What type of reflection is noted in the image below?

A

Diffuse Reflection

24
Q

What types of tissue/material are typically responsible for acoustic shadowing?

A
  • Bones
  • Calcifications
  • Gas
25
Q

What type of material is typically responsible for posterior acoustic enhancement?

A

Homogenous Liquids (Cysts typically)

26
Q

What artifact indicates that the ultrasound probe is perfectly parallel with your needle?

A

Needle Reverberation Artifact

24 Principles of Anesthesia II (23 decks)

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