May 14 Final Exam Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
kinaidos
A
- men who were sexually penetrated by other men
- cinaedus
2
Q
fellator
A
-giver of oral sex to men
3
Q
cunnilictor
A
-giver of oral sex to women
4
Q
Ovid
A
- poet
- wrote Metamorphoses, 15-book mythological narrative
5
Q
Catullus
A
- wrote in neoteric style of poetry
- explicit writing style
- leading equestrian family of Verona
6
Q
Lesbia
A
-term used by Gaius to refer to his lover
7
Q
Lucian
A
-writer of greek language
8
Q
Alexander (prophet)
A
- known as false oracle
- oracle of Aesculapius
9
Q
Apuleius
A
- wrote the Golden Ass
- survived entirely
10
Q
Maccabees
A
- the leaders of the Jewish rebel army that took control of Judea
- ruled from 164 BCE- 63 BCE
11
Q
Pharisees
A
- comprised the ruling class of Israel
- mostly middle-class businessmen
- considered both oral and written word of God
- denied resurrection of dead
- denied afterlife
12
Q
Zealots
A
-a member of Jewish sect aiming at a world Jewish theocracy and resisting the Romans until AD 70
13
Q
Essenes
A
- a sect of 2nd Temple Judaism that flourished from the 2nd century-1st century
- some scholars claim seceded from the Zadokite priests
14
Q
Sadducees
A
- comprised the ruling class of Israel
- aristocrats
- worked hard to keep the peace
- considered only the written Word to be from God
- believed in resurrection of the dead
- believed in the afterlife
15
Q
Jesus
A
-central figure of Christianity
16
Q
Paul
A
-an apostle who taught the gospel of Christ of the first-century world
17
Q
Martial
A
- Roman poet
- known for his 12 books of Epigrams
18
Q
Pliny (the Younger)
A
-born Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus
-witness to the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD
-
19
Q
Gregory of Tours
A
-wrote in a form of late Vulgar Latin
-wrote the “History of the Franks”
-
20
Q
Julii
A
- most ancient patrician families
- highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic
21
Q
Vitruvius
A
- roman author, architect and civil engineer in 1st centurty BC
- known for his multi-volume work De Architectura
22
Q
Arcagathus
A
- 1st doctor in Rome
- expert wound surgeon
- his vigorous use of the knife and cautery soon earned him the title “Executioner”
23
Q
Galen
A
- prominent Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher
- influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, neurology, philosophy and logic
24
Q
Euclid
A
- Greek Mathematician
- “Father of Geometry”
- His Elements is one of the most influential works in history of math
25
Epicurus
-Greek philosopher
-founder of the school of Philosophy called Epicureanism
-
26
Ptolemy (astronomer)
- 48 constellations
- presented useful tool for astronomical calculations in his Handy Tables, it tabulated all the data needed to compute the positions of the Sun, Moon and planets
27
Vandals
-east Germanic tribe
-first heard of in southern Poland
-
28
Lucretius
- Roman poet and philosopher
- the epic philosophical poem On the Nature of Things (De rerum natura)
- the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism
29
Seneca
-a Roman Stoic philosopher , statesman, dramatist of the Silver Age of Latin literature
- tutor to emperor Nero
-
30
Constantine I
- 1st Roman emperor to profess Christianity
- initiated the evolution of the empire into a Christian state but also provided the impulse for a distinctively Christian Culture
31
Visigoths
-nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples (Goths)
| -
32
Theodosius I
- Roman emperor from 379-395
| - last emperor to rule both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire
33
Huns
-nomadic group of the people who lived in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia between the 1st century AD and the 7th Century
34
Romulus Augustulus
- Emperor reigning over the Western Roman Empire
| - Last emperor
35
Zeno of Citium
-founder of the Stoic school of philosophy
36
Abonouteichos
-greek mystic and oracle
37
Tomis
- remote town on the edge of the civilised world
- Ovid banished to this town
- Ovid exiled here
38
Judaea
-small province of the Roman Empire
39
Palestine
-is a geographic region in Western Asia between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River
40
Bithynia
- an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor, adjoining the Propontis, the Thracian Bosporus and the Euxine Sea
41
Constantinople
-was the capital city of the Roman and Byzantine (330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin (1204–1261), and the Ottoman (1453–1922) empires
42
Colosseum
- an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy
- largest in world
43
theatre of Pompey
-a structure in Ancient Rome built during the later part of the Roman Republican era
44
Art of Love
- an instructional elegy series in three books by Ancient Roman poet Ovid
- written in 2 AD
45
divination
-the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic, standardized process or ritual
46
astrology
-consists of several pseudoscientific systems of divination based on the premise that there is a relationship between astronomical phenomena and events in the human world
47
defixio
-ancient form of curse or binding spell tat date back to the hellenistic period
48
amulet
-an ornament or small piece of jewelry thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease
49
apotropaic image
-supposedly having the power to avert evil influences or bad luck
50
evil eye
-a curse believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware
51
Glykon
-snake god, associated with the Greek prophet Alexander of Abonutichus
52
mystery cult
-fascinate and capture imagination
| -
53
Isis
-means throne
54
Golden Ass
- the only Ancient Roman novel in Latin to survive in its entirety
55
Cybele
-was an originally Anatolian mother goddess; she has a possible precursor in the earliest neolithic
56
Mithras
-Persian god Mithra translated in greek
57
Mithraeum
- a large or small Mithraic temple, erected in classical antiquity by the worshippers of Mithras.
58
Zoroastrianism
- one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions
| - It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster
59
tauroctony
-genre of cult reliefs which served as the central icon of the Mithraic Mysteries cult in the Roman world
-
60
Ahura Mazda
- higher, uncreated spirit of Zoroaster
| - the highest spirit of worship in Zoroastrianism
61
Messianism
- is the belief in a messiah, a savior or redeemer
62
disapora
-a scattered population with a common origin in a smaller geographic area
63
first Jewish War
-was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews of Judea Province (Iudaea) against the Roman Empire
64
rabbinical Judaism
-has been the mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE
65
circus
- applied by Romans to circular arenas for performances and contests and oval courses for racing
- anywhere where running took place
66
hippodrome
- an ancient Grecian stadium for horse racing and chariot racing
- horse track of the circus
67
spina
-an Etruscan port city, established by the end of the 6th century BCE, on the Adriatic
68
metae
- a column or post
| - placed at each end of racetrack to mark turning places
69
quadriga
-a car or chariot drawn by 4 horses
70
amphitheatre
-large, circular or oval open-air venues with raised seating – built by the Ancient Romans.
71
murmillo
- a type of gladiator during the Roman Imperial age
72
retiarius
-a Roman gladiator who fought with equipment styled on that of a fisherman
73
Samnite
-an Italic people living in Samnium in south-central Italy who fought several wars with the Roman Republic
-
74
Thracian
-a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting a large area in Southeastern Europe
75
Circus Maximus
-an ancient Roman chariot racing stadium and mass entertainment venue located in Rome, Italy
76
thermae
-large imperial bath complexes
77
tepidarium
- the warm bathroom of the Roman baths heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system
78
calidarium
-was a room with a hot plunge bath, used in a Roman bath complex.
79
frigidarium
a large cold pool of Roman baths
80
On the Spectacles
- aka De Spectaculis
- a surviving moral and ascetic treatise by Tertullian. Written somewhere between 197-202, the work looks at the moral legitimacy and consequences of Christians attending the circus, theatre, or amphitheatre
81
Pliny's Letters
- Pliny the younger wrote
- that are of great historical value for the time period
- his letters to Trajan provide one of the few surviving records of the relationship between the imperial office and provincial governors
82
cursus honorum
- "course of offices"
- was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in both the Roman Republic and the early Empire
83
consul
-was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire
84
dictator
-a ruler with total power over a country
85
proconsul
-a governor of a province in ancient Rome, having much of the authority of a consul
86
praetor
-each of two ancient Roman magistrates ranking below consul
87
proprietor
-after judges term would become a proprietor
88
aedile
- "temple building"
| - an office of the Roman Republic
89
censor
-either of two magistrates who held censuses and supervised public morals
90
tribune
-an official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests
91
quaestor
- any of a number of officials who had charge of public revenue and expenditure
92
senate
-the state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights
93
comitia curiata
- a popular assembly
- was summoned by the lictors until the late republic
- oldest
- mostly ceremonial
- hosted clan functions
94
Doric order
- columns are the simplest and plainest
| - have no base
95
comitia tributa
- assembly of tribes
- supreme power in the Roman Republic was the assembly which was made up of all the citizens of Rome
- elected some officials
- only open to plebeians
96
comitia centuriata
- assembly of centuries
- Ancient Roman military assembly, instituted c. 450 bc
- elected officials
- can declare war
- court of appeal for death sentences
97
druidism
-the religion of the Celtic people that was administered by priests and priestesses called Druids
98
History of the Franks
-raided Roman territory
| -
99
Ionic order
-more elaborate and complicated style columns
100
Tuscan column
-column had a simpler base circular rather than squared as in the other orders
101
Corinthian order
- slender
| - distinctive carved capital
102
concrete
- The Colosseum in Rome was built largely of concrete
| - the concrete dome of the Pantheon is the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome
103
De Architectura
- written by Vitruvius
| - most important sources of modern knowledge of Roman building methods
104
firmitas
-
105
utilitas
-
106
venustas
-Latin word for beauty
107
Asclepius
-a god of medicine in ancient Greek religion
108
vivisection
-the practice of performing operations on live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research
109
The Republic
-written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning the definition of justice, the order and character of the just city-state
110
Epicureanism
-a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus, founded around 307 BCE
111
Stoicism
-an ancient Greek school of philosophy founded at Athens by Zeno of Citium
112
476 AD
-Decline of the Roman Empire
113
On the Nature of Things
-a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 BC – c. 55 BC) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience
114
Byzantine Empire
- was the predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the eastern part of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages
115
hedonism
-a school of thought that argues that pleasure is the primary or most important intrinsic good
116
Meditations
- a series of personal writings by Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor 161–180 CE, setting forth his ideas on Stoic philosophy
117
Franklin Empire
-
118
battle of Adrianople
- was fought between a Roman army led by the Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels led by Fritigen
- ended with a victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens
119
papyrology
- the study of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives
- as preserved in manuscripts written on papyrus.
120
papyrus
- thin paper-like material made from the pith of the papyrus plant
- the most common form of writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome
121
Heiroglyphics
- were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements.
122
Aramaic
-one of the Semitic languages, an important group of languages known almost from the beginning of human history
123
Demotic
-the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Nile Delta, and the stage of the Egyptian language
124
Coptic
- the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic
