MB - Catabolic State

Question 1

What is the first metabolic priority?

Answer 1

To mantian blood glucose

Question 2

What 3 hormones act to increase blood glucose?

Answer 2

Adrenaline, Glucagon and Cortisol

Question 3

What happens to glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activity in muscles and the liver in response to glucagon?

Answer 3

• Glycogen synthase levels decrease
• Phosphorylase levels increase

Question 4

How does glucagon affect other eznyme levels?

Answer 4

↓Glucokinase (Stops Glc –> G-6-P)
↓Pyruvate Kinase (Stops PEP –> Pyruvate)

↑G-6-phosphatase (G-6-P –> Glc)

Question 5

How does cortisol affect other eznyme levels?

Answer 5

↑PEP carboxykinase (OAA–>PEP)
↑AA catabolising enzymes (–> ↑GNG)

Question 6

What enzyme does cortisol increase if there is too much glucose in the blood?

Answer 6

Glycogen Synthase

Question 7

What is the second metabolic priority? (2)

Answer 7

1) Preserve Functional Protein

2) ↓Glucose Requirements

Question 8

What does the brain use instead of glucose?

Answer 8

Ketone Bodies
–> Reduced need for GNG
–> Reduced need for protein catabolism

Question 9

What are the 3 main short-term sources of energy during exercise? (High intensity)

Answer 9

1. ATP
2. Creatine Phosphate
3. Glucose

Question 10

What are the 2 main long-term sources of energy during exercise? (Low intensity)

Answer 10

1. Fatty Acids
2. Glycogen

Question 11

What are 2 ways of generating heat from metabolic processes?

Answer 11

1) Shivering
2) Uncoupled respiration

Question 12

How does Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) work?

Answer 12

Generate heat by wasting energy in stored fats

Question 13

How does UCP1 work in BAT?

Answer 13

1. UCP 1 inserted into the membrane
2. ATP synthase used less and hence less ATP produced
3. Energy not captured as ATP-** lost as heat**