MBC: Cell metabolism INTRO + glycolysis Flashcards
(26 cards)
how many types of reactions define metabolism?
6
oxidation-reduction?
electron transfer
ligation?
formation of covalent bonds
isomerization?
rearrangements of atoms to form isomers
group transfer?
transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another
hydrolytic?
cleavage of bonds by the addition of water
addition or removal of functional groups?
addition of fg’s to double bonds or removal of fg’s to form double bonds
What do the two concepts of glycolysis involve?
Step one: investment of energy in form of ATP
Step two: produces energy in form of ATP
1/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction? STEP 1
glucose + ATP –> glucose-6-phosphate + ADP+ H+
hexokinase (carries out phosphorylation reaction)
group transfer reaction:
ATP–> ADP
also substrate-level phosphorylation
2/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
What is the logic behind this reaction?
glucose-6-phosphate–> fructose-6-phosphate
phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme
isomerisation reaction
The logic behind this reaction is that fructose-1,6-phosphate can be equally split when subsequently cleaved later on in the reaction pathway
3/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
fructose-6-phosphate–> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
phosphofructokinase enzyme (phosphorylation reaction)
Group transfer reaction:
ATP –> ADP
4/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
fructose-1,6- bisphosphate–> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
aldolase enzyme
hydrolytic reaction
5/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
dihydroxyacetone phosphate–> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
in this step of glycolysis, one of the product from step 4 is transformed to G-3-p to produce a total of two molecules fo G-3-P
triose phosphate isomerase enzyme (TPI)
isomerisation reaction
6/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction? STEP 2
G-3-P + Pi–> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
NAD–>NADH
G-3-P dehydrogenase enzyme
REDOX and group transfer reaction
7/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP–> 3-phosphoglycerate+ ATP
phosphoglycerate kinase enzyme
Group transfer reaction:
ADP–> ATP
CAREFUL! phosphorylation of ADP not the reactant molecule!
8/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
3-phosphoglycerate–> 2-phosphoglycerate
phosphoglycerate mutase enzyme
isomerisation reaction
How many times is STEP 2 of glycolysis repeated?
2 as two molecules g3p produced
9/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
2-phosphoglycerate–> phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
enolase enzyme
Group removal reaction (Hoydroxyl group and H atom removed) and/ or dehydration
10/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?
phosphoenolpyruvate–> pyruvate
pyruvate kinase enzyme
Group transfer reaction ( ADP becomes phosphorylated not the reactant molecule)
ADP–>ATP
NET products of glycolysis?
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 PYRUVATE
aerobic or anaerobic?
both
Equation and word equation to summarise glycolysis?
C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ → 2C3H4O3 + 2H2O + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+
Glucose + 2Adenosine diphosphate + 2Phosphate + 2Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
↓
2Pyruvate + 2Water + 2Adenosine triphosphate + 2Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + 2Hydrogen ions
ATP Hydrolysis reaction?
How much energy released?
How is ATP stored?
ATP+ H20 ADP+ Pi
roughly 30.5 kj/mol energy released per mole
ATP can’t be stored in excessive amounts however the raw materials that comprise ATP are readily available, therefore it can be made when needed
The importance of the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?
the phosphorylation makes the sugar more reactive; makes it unable to pass through the cell membrane due to the -ve charge so it can be stored
