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POM > MBC: Cell metabolism INTRO + glycolysis > Flashcards

MBC: Cell metabolism INTRO + glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

how many types of reactions define metabolism?

A

6

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2
Q

oxidation-reduction?

A

electron transfer

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3
Q

ligation?

A

formation of covalent bonds

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4
Q

isomerization?

A

rearrangements of atoms to form isomers

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5
Q

group transfer?

A

transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another

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6
Q

hydrolytic?

A

cleavage of bonds by the addition of water

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7
Q

addition or removal of functional groups?

A

addition of fg’s to double bonds or removal of fg’s to form double bonds

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8
Q

What do the two concepts of glycolysis involve?

A

Step one: investment of energy in form of ATP

Step two: produces energy in form of ATP

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9
Q

1/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction? STEP 1

A

glucose + ATP –> glucose-6-phosphate + ADP+ H+

hexokinase (carries out phosphorylation reaction)

group transfer reaction:
ATP–> ADP

also substrate-level phosphorylation

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10
Q

2/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

What is the logic behind this reaction?

A

glucose-6-phosphate–> fructose-6-phosphate

phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme

isomerisation reaction

The logic behind this reaction is that fructose-1,6-phosphate can be equally split when subsequently cleaved later on in the reaction pathway

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11
Q

3/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

A

fructose-6-phosphate–> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

phosphofructokinase enzyme (phosphorylation reaction)

Group transfer reaction:
ATP –> ADP

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12
Q

4/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

A

fructose-1,6- bisphosphate–> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate

aldolase enzyme

hydrolytic reaction

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13
Q

5/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

A

dihydroxyacetone phosphate–> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

in this step of glycolysis, one of the product from step 4 is transformed to G-3-p to produce a total of two molecules fo G-3-P

triose phosphate isomerase enzyme (TPI)

isomerisation reaction

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14
Q

6/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction? STEP 2

A

G-3-P + Pi–> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

NAD–>NADH

G-3-P dehydrogenase enzyme

REDOX and group transfer reaction

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15
Q

7/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP–> 3-phosphoglycerate+ ATP

phosphoglycerate kinase enzyme

Group transfer reaction:
ADP–> ATP
CAREFUL! phosphorylation of ADP not the reactant molecule!

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16
Q

8/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

A

3-phosphoglycerate–> 2-phosphoglycerate

phosphoglycerate mutase enzyme

isomerisation reaction

17
Q

How many times is STEP 2 of glycolysis repeated?

A

2 as two molecules g3p produced

18
Q

9/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

A

2-phosphoglycerate–> phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O

enolase enzyme

Group removal reaction (Hoydroxyl group and H atom removed) and/ or dehydration

19
Q

10/10 glycolysis reaction, enzyme involved, type of reaction?

A

phosphoenolpyruvate–> pyruvate

pyruvate kinase enzyme

Group transfer reaction ( ADP becomes phosphorylated not the reactant molecule)
ADP–>ATP

20
Q

NET products of glycolysis?

A

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 PYRUVATE

21
Q

aerobic or anaerobic?

A

both

22
Q

Equation and word equation to summarise glycolysis?

A

C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ → 2C3H4O3 + 2H2O + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+

Glucose + 2Adenosine diphosphate + 2Phosphate + 2Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

↓

2Pyruvate + 2Water + 2Adenosine triphosphate + 2Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + 2Hydrogen ions

23
Q

ATP Hydrolysis reaction?
How much energy released?
How is ATP stored?

A

ATP+ H20 ADP+ Pi

roughly 30.5 kj/mol energy released per mole

ATP can’t be stored in excessive amounts however the raw materials that comprise ATP are readily available, therefore it can be made when needed

24
Q

The importance of the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?

A

the phosphorylation makes the sugar more reactive; makes it unable to pass through the cell membrane due to the -ve charge so it can be stored

25
Q

Where does the NADH and pyruvate molecules go?

A

NADH passes through the outer mitochondrial membrane into the ETC

pyruvate is actively transported into the fluid matrix of the mitochondria for the link reaction

26
Q

which steps of glycolysis involve ATP?

Which step is hydrolysis?

A

Steps 1 and 3:
-2ATP

Steps 7 and 10:
+4 ATP

Therefore overall gain of 2 ATP

Step 9 involves the removal of water

POM (6 decks)

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