MBM

Question 1

Rho-independent vs rho-dependent RNA termination mechanism in Prokaryotes

Answer 1

Ind: hairpin loop and polyA sequence with a string of uracil
Dep: Rho Helicase binds to rut site with ATP

Question 2

Pol α:

Answer 2

Tight complex with Primase

Question 3

Function of PERK in Eu Translation?

Answer 3

Phosphorylates eIF2-GDP to eIF2-GTP, in order to inhibit eIF2B. (2B promotes translation)

Question 4

3 mRNA Mods

Answer 4

5’ cap, splicing, 3’ poly-A-tail

Question 5

Tetracyclin

Answer 5

Blocks pro A site

Question 6

How to remember which letters are found in the basal transcription machinery?

Answer 6

Letters A-H, except there’s NO C

Question 7

The C-Terminal end of Polymerase must be (phos or dephos) to recruit termination factors?

Answer 7

Dephosphorylated

Question 8

Base Excision Repair 3 Steps (Mainly to fix mutations caused by environmental factors)

Answer 8

1. DNA Glycosylase cleaves sugar link
2. AP endonuclease cuts phosphodiester
3. Pol 1 And Ligase f

Question 9

Streptomycin

Answer 9

Alters 30S only Pro

Question 10

What two things can bind when TF-IIH phosphorylates the C-terminus of RNA POL II?

Answer 10

Cap Synthesizing complex (CSC) and cap binding complex (CBC) can link onto it and hook onto the growing mRNA

Question 11

Three steps in Eukaryotic Translation Initiation

Answer 11

1. eIF4F bind cap and 40S
2. eIF2 links Met
3. Complex slides down with helicase towards AUG site

Question 12

Three steps in Eukaryotic DNA initiation?

Answer 12

1. ORC is activated by Cdt1 and Cdc16/18
2. MCM helicase is recruited
3. After replication is done; Cdt1 is inhibited by geminin and Cdc6/18 is degraded.

Question 13

Four steps for protein Elongation

Answer 13

1. aaTRNA binds A site with EF-TU-GTP
2. GTP regenerated with TS
3. Large subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation
4. EF-G or eEF2 binds to A site and slides to next unit

Question 14

Three steps in Prokaryotic DNA initiation?

Answer 14

1. dnaA protein binds to region in origin
2. dnaB helicase unwinds
3. Primase is recruited

Question 15

Erythromycin

Answer 15

Blocks Pro A site

Question 16

Pro vs Eu Small rRNA identity and function

Answer 16

Pro-16S,

Eu-18S, They both line up the mRNA

Question 17

Two methods of Self Splicing mRNA?

Answer 17

1. Guano-Nucleotide facilitates attack

2. Adenosine Branch point links OH, forms loop

Question 18

Is pro or Eu mRNA monocistronic?

Answer 18

Eu, one gene per transcript

Question 19

The mRNA sequence is complementary to the____ strand and identical to the ___ strand

Answer 19

Template, Coding

Question 20

Three Eukaryotic RNA polymerases

Answer 20

Pol 1 and Pol3-rRNA and tRNA

Pol2-mRNA

Question 21

Distinguishing factor of Prokaryotic DNA pol III?

Answer 21

Holocomplex consisting of both lagging strand and leading strand polymerases connected.

Question 22

Cycloheximide

Answer 22

Blocks peptidyl transferase site in eukaryotes!

Question 23

a-amanitin

Answer 23

Blocks Eukaryotic PolII

Question 24

3 Components of mRNA 5’ cap before it’s attached

Answer 24

1. 7-methyl-guanosine cap
2. 5’5’-Triphosphate linkage
3. Sometimes methylation at 2’ OH group of bases

Question 25

Pol δ and Pol ε

Answer 25

Promotes both lagging and leading strand synthesis

Question 26

Mismatch Repair (Mistakes made by DNA polymerase) 4 Steps

Answer 26

1. MutS and MutL search for defects and make a complex 2. MutH is recruited and makes a nick 3. DNA helicase and Exonuclease 4. DNA Pol 3 Fills gap!

Question 27

Describe the Six subunits of RNA polymerase of prokaryotes.

Answer 27

2 alphas 1 Beta 1 Beta'-SYNTHESIS 1 Omega 1 Sigma-RECOGNITION AND BINDING OF PROMOTER

Question 28

Distinguishing factor of Prokaryotic DNA Pol I?

Answer 28

5'->3' exonuclease activity

Question 29

Rifampicin

Answer 29

Inhibits prokaryotic RNA transcription

Question 30

Basal Transcription Machinery, Chromatin Modifications, Transcription activators, Coactivators, and architectural regulators are the 5 main things which ____ needs to bind

Answer 30

EUKARYOTIC POLYMERASE 2

Question 31

Nucleotide Excision Repair 3 Steps (Mainly for pyrimidine dimers)

Answer 31

1. UvrABC detects large distortions 2. UvrD(helicase) unwinds DNA and peels 3. Pol 1 and Ligase

Question 32

Glycl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) mutations causes

Answer 32

Chargot Marie Tooth

Question 33

Puromycin

Answer 33

Premature Pro Termination

Question 34

To get the 7' methyl guanosine cap on mRNA, what two key things need to happen via TF-IIH

Answer 34

1. Phosphoydrolase chopping gamma phosphate | 2. Guanine getting linked on by guanylyltransferase

Question 35

Pol γ

Answer 35

Mitochondrial DNA Rep

Question 36

Actinomycin D

Answer 36

Inhibits BOTH eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA transcription

Question 37

Three steps in prokaryotic Translation Initiation?

Answer 37

1. IF1 blocks A site, IF3 keeps Large subunit away 2. 30S binds to mRNA with 16S/ShineDalgarno 3. fMet added via IF2

Question 38

Basal Machinery Functions IID, IIA: IIB, IIF: IIE and IIH

Answer 38

- Binds to TATA, stabilizes - recruits F, which carries Pol - Helicase activity

Question 39

Pro vs Eu Large rRNA identity and function

Answer 39

Pro- 23S, Eu-28S | They both catalyze peptide bond formation

Question 40

Name the regulatory component of mRNA's function and one structure

Answer 40

Controls timing and quantity of mRNA; includes promoter

Question 41

Pol β

Answer 41

Base Excision Repair

Question 42

The 4 structural component of mRNA

Answer 42

1. Exons 2. Introns 3. splice junctions, 4. polyadenylation Signal

Question 43

How many RNA polymerases do prokaryotes have?

Answer 43

One