Mbsc Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
How many mosquito species have been described world wide?
A
Over 3000
2
Q
Where are mosquito larvae typically found?
A
In such diverse habitats as the grassy margins of ponds, standing water in fields and forests, catch basins and common yard debris.
3
Q
Where do Mosquitos lay there eggs?
A
Eggs of different species may be laid singly or in rafts, on water or on damp soil where they hatch after subsequent flooding.
4
Q
How many mosquito species are in the state of Georgia?
A
Over 60
5
Q
How much is spent annually in an effort to reduce and treat the effects of disease and nuisance caused by mosquitoes.
A
Approximately 125,000,000
6
Q
Where are four of Georgia’s largest and most comprehensive mosquitoes control programs located?
A
Coastal counties
7
Q
In addition to the economic losses suffered as a result of annoyance, mosquitoes also threaten _________.
A
Public Health
8
Q
West Nile virus was introduced into the state of Georgia in what year?
A
2001
9
Q
In addition to human issues, thousand of dogs die each year from ______.
A
Dog heartworm, another mosquito born disease.
10
Q
When was the Georgia mosquito association established?
A
In 1976. Mr Oscar Fultz of Chatham county ( Savannah ) mosquito control program serving a its first president.
11
Q
Describe the system of classification and naming that scientist have devised in which each kind of animal known to science is giving a name consisting of two words.
A
The first name is the name of the genus and is written with a capital letter. The second name is the name of the species and begin with a small letter. Together they form the scientific name which is always either italicizes or underlined( to indicate italics).
12
Q
How many mosquito species occur in the United States?
A
174
13
Q
How many distinctive stages of development does mosquitoes have?
A
4
14
Q
What is the metamorphoses of a mosquitoes?
A
Egg, larvae, pupa and adult.. This type of life cycle is described as holometabolous
15
Q
Eggs of most species of Mosquitoes must be immersed in water to hatch, but maybe deposited initially either directly on water or in locations subject to ____________ _____________.
A
Periodic flooding
16
Q
Mosquito larvae and pupa are_______.
A
Aquatic
17
Q
Adult Mosquitoes are ______ free flying _________.
A
Active , insects
18
Q
Mosquitoes are usually collected in what stages of development?
A
Larvae and Adult
19
Q
Mosquito belong to what family?
A
Culicidae within the insect order Diptera.
20
Q
Like all true flies the adult mosquitoes have only ____ pair of wings rather than the usual ____ pair found on most insects
A
1, 2
21
Q
How do mosquitoes differ from other Diptera ?
A
(1) having numerous scales on the edges and veins of the wings,(2) females having mouthparts extended into along proboscis which contain needle like sky lets.
22
Q
Only female Mosquitoes feed on blood. Males feed on______ of________ and other_______ in the environment to produce energy for flying and mating.
A
Nectar, plants, sugars
23
Q
Identifying mosquitoes can be a difficult task and usually requires a ______ and use of a _____ ______.
A
Microscope , quality key
24
Q
___ of the ____ genera of mosquitoes that exist in North America are present in Georgia.
A
12, 14
25
Since most adult mosquito keys apply only to females, the sex of the mosquito must be determined prior to identification by examining the _____.
Head
26
Males mosquitoes have _____ antennae and long ____.
Bushy, palpi
27
Female mosquitoes have few _____ on their antennae and with the exception of ______ mosquitoes have short _____.
Bristles, Anopheles, Palpi
28
Both ______ and ______ are critical for adult mosquitoes
Temperature, humidity
29
Name the three subfamilies that mosquitoes species fall in in Georgia?
Toxorhynchitinae ( genus Toxorhynchites), Anophelinae ( genus Anopheles) or Cucinae ( the other ten genera).
30
The larvae of_________ are found in tree holes or artificial containers. They are very large and predacious, feeding on other mosquito larvae and other small ________ that occur in their larvae habitat . The have an almost________ head and the ________ on their ________ and ________arise from heavily chitinized plates. The female do not take ________as an adult mosquito, feeding only on plant nectar and juices.
Toxorhynchites, organisms. Square , hair, thorax, abdomen, blood
31
_________ larvae are characterized by the absence of a _______and the presence of a ________ ( palmetto shaped) hair dorsally on each side of , at least segments 4-6 of the _______. Anophelinae larvae usuall lie_________ to the surface of the water.
Anopheline, siphon, palmate ,abdomen.Parallel
32
_______ larvae always have a siphon which may or may not bear ______( a row of spines) . They do not have _____ hairs. These larvae usually lie with head ________ at a ____ degree angle to the water surface.
Culcine, pecten. Palmate. Downward,45
33
Because it is easy to misidentify mosquitoes in the field , samples should be taken into the _______ to be verified under a ________.
Laboratory, microscope.
34
A stereoscopic microscope to be used for adult and larval identification should have a magnification range of ___ to ___,the lower power for use in sorting specimens that are readily identifiable and the higher power for detail work.
10x,40x
35
Specific identification of difficult larval characteristics or male terminalia may require magnification of up to _____
400x
36
Female mosquitoes select locations for egg deposits that will provide suitable conditions for larvae development after the egg hatch. Name the conditions.
Stagnate water, Food source, protection,
37
Mosquito eggs are_____ when first deposited but _______ in ___ to ___ hours
White, darken, 12, 24
38
When viewed with magnification , eggs of different species can seen to vary from_____ shaped to _______ or _____-______ in shape
Canoe , elongate,elongate oval
39
Most species eggs appear the same to the naked eye with the exception of the __________ whose eggs have ________extensions that serve as _______ attached to each side.
Anopheles, lateral, floats
40
Egg laying characteristicsfollow three patterns 1._________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
1. Deposited singly on the waters surface
2. Glued together to form rafts that float on the water surface
3. Deposited singly out of the water.
41
_________ and _________ eggs are deposited singly on the waters surface and _____ until they hatch __ or __ days later.
Anopheles, Toxorhynchites, float, 2, 3
42
__________ eggs have projecting_________ that trap air bubbles that help keep them on the waters surface, similar to the_________eggs with their __________ extensions that serve as ________.
Toxorhynchites, spines, Anopheles, lateral, floats
43
______, ________,_________ and_________ species glue individual eggs together to form a floating raft. As the eggs hatch __ or __ days later the raft breaks up in individual egg cases ( up to 300 or more) remain floating on the waters _____.
Culex, Culiseta,Coquillettidia, Uranotaenia. 2, 3 ,surface
44
The desiccation resisting eggs of _________, _________, ____________, ______________ are deposited out of the water and do not hatch until the area is _______.
Aides,Psorophora, Ochlerotatus, orthopodommyia, flooded.
45
_________, and some ___________ species lay their eggs on the side of tree holes or other water containers just above the waters surface. ___________ eggs hatch within ___ to __ days and the larvae slide down into the water. Hatching occurs in some _________ only when the water level rises and eggs are ________.
Orthopodomyia,Ochleotatus. Orthopodomyia, 2, 3. Ochleotatus,flooded.
46
Other Ochlerotatus, Aedes, Psorophora species deposit there eggs on moist soil where they remain until exposed to certain environmental conditions and eventually covered with water. These eggs hatch shortly after flooding but some Ochleotatus eggs must experience a protracted exposure to cold weather before flooding causes them to hatch. Some species have several generations a year while other groups have only one. The eggs of some species can survive for 3 to 5 years if flooding do not occur. This characteristic is an important factor that contributes to the extensive mosquito population that are sometime common after hurricanes and floods.
Ochlerotatus, Aedes, Psorophora. Ochlerotatus. Several, one. 3,5, flooding. Hurricanes , floods
47
Common mosquito larvae habitats in Georgia are?
Temporary pools caused by rain or stream overflow or tides, used tires, man made debris and other water collecting containers, storm sewer catch basins, roadside drainage ditches, cavities in trees and permanent ponds , marshes and lakes with emergent vegetation. The water in these locations may vary from fresh, to blackish, to salty, to highly polluted and have a broad spectrum of dissolved chemicals
48
How many stages of in stars do mosquito larvae pass through during development.
4
49
At the end of the __ instar larvae ____ and become ______.
4th, molt, pupae
50
The time for complete larval development normal summer temperature in Georgia is typically from___ to ___ days but may take longer at low ___________ or if _____ is not adequate.
5,10, temperature, food
51
Most larvae species are indiscriminate feeders that ingest all particulate matter that is small enough to be swallowed . Particles ingested range from 1-50 microns
indiscriminate. 1-50 microns
52
Mosquito larvae stop feeding towards the end of the __ ______.
4th instar
53
The mouthparts of mosquito larvae are composed of complex arrangement of _____ and ______ that act as ______,_______ and ________ often referred to in combination as ______ _______.
spicules, setae, brushes, combs, sweepers , mouth brushes.
54
Mosquito pupae are often called ______?
Tumblers
55
The pupae stage is relatively short lasting __ to __ days.
2, 3
56
The pupae stage is a none ______ _________stage in which the ______ develops in the _____ covering.
Feeding ,transitional ,adult, pupal
57
How many body regions do the pupae have?
2, an expanded cephalothorax and an elongate abdomen consisting of eight movable segments terminating in a pair of paddles
58
Projecting from the cephalothorax are two short, flared tubules called ______.
Trumpets that are inserted through the water surface film to allow the pupae to breath air .
59
Coquillettidia pupae insert their trumpets into the hollow_____ _______ ______ of aquatic plants
Air ,filled, roots
60
Pupae spend extended periods ________ just _______ the water surface. If disturbed they can move quickly by rapidly flexing the ______and its _______producing a ______ ________ movement
Suspended, below. Abdomen,paddles, diving, tumbling
61
When pupae development is complete the adult ingest ____ that is present between the pupal _______ and the developing adult _________which create pressure that split the dorsal cephalothorax and allow the _____ to emerge
Air, exoskeleton , exoskeleton, adult
62
Why do the adult mosquito rest on the floating pupal skin after emerging?
To allow its its body and wings to dry and harden.
63
Mosquito control personnel have few options for controlling pupae and less time to do it as a result of the short pupae stage. What can be used to treat pupae?
Surface film agents
64
What are the diseases that mosquitoes serve as vectors
Malaria, dengue, yellow fever, encephhilitis
65
What is encephhilitis?
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
66
For the viruses that cause encephalitis the mortality rate cane range from low to high based on what factors ?
Host age ad immune status
67
When and where was west Nile first isolated from human blood
1937 in Uganda
68
West Nile is similar to what other mosquito carrying disease?
Saint Louis encephalitis ( SEL)
69
West Nile was unknown in the Americas until what year
1999
70
In ____ the virus spread over most of the United States and caused over 4000 cases and 277 deaths
2002
71
West Nile was detected in mosquitoes,birds ,humans and horses in Georgia in what year?
2001
72
The incubation period ( the time from infection to onset of disease symptoms) for West Nile virus is how long?
3 to 14 days
73
Most people who are infected with West Nile virus don't have any type of illness.
a. True
b. False
a. True
74
Mild symptoms of West Nile last only a few days and include , headaches, body aches, fever and occasionally with skin rash on the trunk of the body and swollen lymph glands.
a. True
b. False
a. True
75
Symptoms of severe infections ( West Nile,encephalitis or meningitis) include headache, high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation,coma , tremors,convulsions, muscle weakness, and paralysis that may last several weeks and some neurological can be permanent
a. True
b. False
a. True
76
Horse mortality has ran in the range of ?
a. 50 to 60%
b. 75 to 80%
c. 25 to 30%
c. 25 to 30%
77
As with Eastern enciphalitis and St. Louis enciphalitis. West Nile virus exist primarily as an infection of ____ populations and is transmitted from _____ to ______ by several species of ________.
Bird, bird , bird, mosquitoes
78
Mosquitoes become infected with West Nile when they feed on infected______.
Birds
79
Infected Mosquitos inject the West Nile virus into humans and animals enduring blood meals.
a. True
b. False
a.True
80
Mosquitoes are capable of transmitting West Nile Virus to another animal 10 to 14 days after feeding on an infected bird.
a. True
b. False
a.True
81
Birds in the Cordivae family are more susceptible to the North American strain of the West Nile virus with crows and blue jays being the most susceptible.
a. True
b. False
a. True
82
West ankle virus has been isolated from ticks, mites and Jed flies but the importance of non Mosquito anthropoids as potential vectors to humans appears minimum
a. True
b. False
a.True
83
Mosquitoes Serve as primary vectors of West Nile in United States
a. True
b. False
a. True
84
West Nile has been isolated from 36 Mosquito species , primarily from three genre, Aedes, Culex and ochlerotatus.
a. True
b. False
a. True
85
Eastern equine enciphalitis has a human fatality rating of 25% and 90 to 95% for horses.
a. True
b. False
b. False. It has a human fatality rate of over 50%
86
The Eastern equine Enciphalitis case fatality rate is extremely high in Children. Individuals who survive infection often show neurologic sequelae including mental retardation , behavioral changes, convulsive disorders and/or paralysis .
a. True
b. False
a.True
87
Some Eastern equine encephalitis recover completely and show rapid and dramatic improvement from______?
Coma.
88
Seldom are there more than __ to __. Cases of Eastern equine encephalitis reported nationally annually
20, 30
89
Replication of the Eastern equine encephalitis produces a high viremic period in birds that last ___ to ___ days
2, 5
90
Once infected with_______ ________ _________,mosquitoes are infected for life
Eastern equine encephalitis
91
Once infected with Eastern equine encephalitis, ____ produce antibodies that eliminate the disease after a few days of infection.
Birds
92
High antibody levels in young birds indicate recent circulation of Eastern equine encephalitis virus.
a. True
b. False
a. True
93
Eastern equine encephalitis virus activity is confirmed by monitoring programs conducted by health departments and and mosquito control districts
a. True
b. False
a. True
94
Eastern equine encephalitis vaccines are available for humans but not horses
a. True
b. False
b.False... Vaccine available for horses but not humans.
95
Horses and humans infected with Eastern equine encephalitis rarely develop viremia high enough to infect mosquitoes therefore they are considered dead end host that are not evolved in the transmission cycle.
a. True
b. False
a. True
96
Eastern equine encephalitis virus has been isolated from several species of Mosquitoes however the importance of several individual mosquito species transmitting the virus to humans and horses are not fully understood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
97
The mechanism of overwintering of Eastern equine encephalitis virus is unknown, although several possible methods exist such as over wintering in mosquitoes, birds, reptiles or hibernating vertabrates.
a. True
b. False
a.True
98
The warm climate of Georgia could support an enzootic cycle of high populations of overwintering birds and the potential vectors that are present during much of the year.
a. True
b. False
a. True
99
Dog heartworm is a serious disease for all breeds of dogs in temperate and tropical climates. Infection rate in some states have been reported to be as high as 80% in dogs over 2 and a half years old and 100 percent in dogs over 5 years old.
a. True
b. False
a.True
100
Humans can also become infected with heart worms but the worms are unable to develop or mature because humans aren't their natural host.
a. True
b. False
a.True
101
The life cycle of dog heart worm involve 2 host_______ and ________. Mosquitoes invest the immature worms called microfilariae.
Mosquitoes, Dogs
102
1.2 billion is spent on dog heartworm throughout U.S... 60 million being spent on dog heartworm prevention in Georgia alone.
a. True
b. False
a. True
103
Educating/communication, surveillance, source reduction, larviciding and Adulticiding are all part of "integrated mosquito management"
a. True
b. Falsew
a.True
104
Preventing mosquito bites is the least important way to prevent disease transmission
a. True
b. False
b.False it is the most effective way
105
Most mosquitoes but not all are quite active during the CREPUSCULAR periods at sunset and dawn.
a. True
b. False
a.True
106
Tight fitting dark colored clothes are less attractive to mosquitoes
a. True
b. False
b.False- loose fitting light colored clothes are less attractive to Mosquitos.
107
Deet is not recommended for children less than two months of age.
a. True
b. False
a.True
108
The oil of lemon Eucalyptus should not be used on children under 3 Years of age.
a. True
b. False
a.True
109
In 2005 the CDC revised their recommendations for mosquito repellent and added two materials, picaridin and oil of lemon eucalyptus
a. True
b. False
a.True
110
One of the most important elements of mosquito control is SURVEILLANCE.
a. True
b. False
a.True
111
The information provided by surveillance programs and a thorough knowledge of a mosquitoes biology, habits and habitats will provide a sound basis for targeting control efforts.
a. True
b. False
a.True
112
A basic inspection program usually addresses adult and larval population, densities and species composition, rainfall and tide monitoring and larval habitat locations.
a. True
b. False
a.True
113
Maps provide information for field survey and suppression activities, program evaluation and reporting and are essential in conducting a mosquito control operation.
a. True
b. False
a.True
114
Control of adult mosquitoes is usually accomplished through the use of ultra low volume ( ULV) fogging.
a. True
b. False
a.True
115
Some examples of Ultra low volume machines are thermal fog generators and mist blowers.
a. True
b. False
a.True
116
Helicopters are used for both larviciding and Adulticiding and may be used for larval surveys
a. True
a. False
a.True
117
ULV machines should be flushed with approximately 1 pint of isopropyl alcohol following each time the unit is used.
a. True
b. False
a.True
118
It is important to check droplet size frequently. It is recommended that droplet size be checked each time a unit is put into service following repairs or maintenance. The droplet size should be verified every 100 hours of operation.
a. True
b. False
a.True
119
Mineral oil (Films) block the breathing tubes of larve and pupae and are practically non toxic.
a. True
b. False
a.True
120
Methropene is an insect growth regulator (Altosid , aquaprene) and disrupts the development of the larva.its practically non toxic to humans and mammals
a. True
b. False
a.True
121
BTI is a biological insecticide that is highly effective a, yet virtually non toxic to non target organisms.
a. True
b. False
a.True
122
B. sphaericus ( trade name Vectolex) acts in a manner similar to BTI
a. True
b. False
a.True
123
Common adulticides?
Pyrethroids and organophosphates
