MCAT Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Average Speed
A
∆x/∆t
m/s
2
Q
Average Velocity
A
∆d/∆t
m/s
3
Q
Acceleration
A
∆v/∆t
m/s^2
4
Q
Newton’s second law
A
F=ma
1 N=1 kg*m/s^2
5
Q
Static Friction
A
F(f)=μ(s)F(n)
1 N=1 kg*m/s^2
6
Q
Kinetic Friction
A
F(f)=μ(k)F(n)
1 N=1 kg*m/s^2
7
Q
Force of Gravity acting perpendicular to an inclined plane
A
mgcosθ
1 N= 1kg*m/s^2
8
Q
Force of gravity acting parallel to an inclined plane
A
mgsinθ
1 N= 1kg*m/s^2
9
Q
Torque
A
τ = rFsinθ
N * m
10
Q
Work
A
W = Fdcosθ
1 Joule= N*m
11
Q
Work (pressure-volume curve)
A
W = P∆V
Joules
12
Q
Center Of Mass
A
x = (m1x1 + m2x2 + m3x3)/(m1 + m!2+ m3)
13
Q
Mechanical Advantage
A
MA=F(out)/F(in)
Newtons
14
Q
Power
A
P=W/t or ∆E/t
1 watt (W)= Joule/s
15
Q
Power
A
P=Fv
1 Watt
16
Q
Kinetic Energy
A
KE=1/2mv^2
Joule= kg(m^2)/(s^2)
17
Q
Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem
A
W=∆KE = K(f) − K(i)
Joule= kg*(m^2)/(s^2)
18
Q
Gravitational Potential Energy
A
U=mgh
Joule
19
Q
Elastic Potential Energy
A
Elastic potential energy is directly proportional to the square of the change in length and the spring constant
U=1/2*k(x^2)
Joule
20
Q
Hooke’s Law
A
The magnitude of the force required to change the length of a spring-like object is directly proportional to the spring constant and the displacement of the spring
F=-kx
Newton
21
Q
Frequency of a wave
A
f=1/T
1/s=Hz
22
Q
speed of wave
A
v=fλ m/s
23
Q
Density
A
ρ = m/V
g/(cm^3)
24
Q
Specific gravity
A
ρ(object)/ρ(water)
g/(cm^3)
25
Buoyant Force
F(b)=mg=ρ(fluid)Vg
Newton
26
Pascal's Law
F1/A1=F2/A2
27
Pascal's Law
P=F/A
Pascal (Pa)=N/(m^2)
28
Hydrostatic Pressure
P=P(o)+ρgh
Pascals
29
Poiseuille's Law
The law that the velocity of a liquid flowing through a capillary is directly proportional to the pressure of the liquid and the fourth power of the radius of the capillary and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid and the length of the capillary.
Q=(π(r^4)∆P)/(8ηL)
flow rate
30
Continuity Equation
A1v1=A2v2
31
Bernoulli's Equation
P(1)+(1/2)ρ(v(1)^2)+ρgh(1)=P(2)+(1/2)ρ(v(2)^2)+ρgh(2) or
P(1)+(1/2)ρ(v(1)^2)+ρgh(1)=a constant
32
Absolute Temperature
K=Degrees Celsius +273
33
Pressure
P=F/A
34
Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT
35
Boyle's Law
P(1)V(1)=P(2)V(2)
36
Charles Law
V1/T1=V2/T2
37
Avogadro's Law
n1/V1=n2/V2
38
Avg Kinetic energy of a gas particle
KE(avg)=(3/2)k(b)T
Joules
39
Heat capacity at constant volume for an ideal monoatomic gas
C(v)=(3/2)nR
J/K
40
Heat Capacity at constant pressure for an ideal monoatomic gas
C(p)=(5/2)nR
J/K
41
Van Der Waals Equation of State
P=(nRT)/(V-nb)-(n^2*a)/(V^2)
42
Dalton's Law of Partial pressures
P(A)=X(A)*P(T)
P=P1+P2+P3...
43
Heat transferred
q=mc∆T
1 cal/(g*K)=4.184 J/(gK)
44
Standard Heat of Reation
Sum of change in Heat of products minus Sum of change in heat of reactants
OR
Sum of change in heat of bonds broken minus sum of change in heat of bonds formed
45
Change in Gibbs Free Energy
∆G = ∆H − T∆S
kJ/mol
46
Linear Expansion (solids)
∆L = αL∆T
47
Volumetric Expansion (solids and liquids)
∆V = βV∆T
48
Sound Level
β = 10log(I/I(o))
dB
49
Sound Level Change
β(f) = B(i)+10log(I(f)/I(i))
dB
50
Intensity
I=P/A
W/(m^2)
51
Waves in open pipes
λ = 2L/n
f=v/λ=nv/2L
52
Waves in Closed Pipes
λ = 4L/n
f=v/λ=nv/4L
53
Speed of light
c=fλ
c=m/s
54
Energy of a photon
E=hf
55
Law of Reflection
θ1=θ2
56
Index of Refraction
n=c/v
57
Snell's Law
n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2
when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass,
58
Critical Angle
θ(c)=sin^-1*(n2/n1)
59
Optics equation
1/f=1/o+1/i+2/r
60
Magnification
h(i)/h(o) or -d(i)/d(o)
61
Lens Power
P=1/f
diopters
62
Focal Length of lenses in a series
1/f=1/f1+1/f2+1/f3...
63
Power of lenses in a series
P=P1+P2+P3...
diopters
64
Magnification for a system of lenses
m=m1*m2*m3...
65
Coulomb's law
F(e)=(kq1*q2)/(r^2)
Newtons
66
Electric Field
E=F(e)/q=(kQ^2)/(r^2)
E=N/C or V/m
67
Electric Potential Energy
U=(kq1q2)/r
Joules
68
Electrical Potential
V=U/q=(kQ)/r
1 V=1J/C
69
PotientialDiff of uniform electric field
V=E*d
W=V*q
70
Voltage (potential difference)
∆V = Vf − Vi=W(if)/q
Volts
71
Power
P=VI
Watts
72
Power
V^2/R
Watts
73
Power
P=I^2*R
Watts
74
ElectricalCurrent
I=Q/t
1 Amp=1C/s
75
Ohm's Law
V=IR
76
Resistors in series
R=R1+R2+R3...
Ohms(Ω)
77
Resistors in Parallel
(1/R)=(1/R1)+(1/R2)+(1/R3)...
Ohms(Ω)
78
Resistivity
ρ=(R*A)/L
Ohm-meter (Ω*m)
79
Energy of Charged Capacitor
U=Q^2/C=(1/2)Q∆V=(1/2)C(∆V^2)
80
Capacitors in Series
1/C=(1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/C3)...
F=farad
81
Capacitors in Parallel
C=C1+C2+C3...
F=farad
82
Magnetic Force
F(B)=qvBsinθ
1 T=1(N*s)/(m*C)
83
Lorentz Force
F=qE+vBsinθ
84
Maximum number of Electrons in a shell
2n^2
85
Kinetic energy of a photoelectron
hf− φ
eV
86
Formal Charge
FC=Valence (e-)-Non bonding (e-)-(1/2)Bonding (e-)
87
Dipole moment
p=q*d
p=C*m
88
Specific Rotation
α = (α(obs))/(c*l)
Degrees
89
Electrodeposition Equation
mol M=(It)/(nF)
90
Cell potential
cell potential= redox potential - oxidation potential
91
Rate law
Rate=k[A]^x[B]^y
92
Arrhenius Equation
k=Ae^(-E(a))/RT)
93
Law of mass action
k=([C]^c[D]^d)/[A]^a[B]^b
94
Wavenumber
1/λ
cm^-1
95
Autoionization of water
Kw=[H3O+]*[OH-]=10^-14
96
pH
-log[H+]
97
pOH
-log[OH-]
98
Acid Dissociation Constant
Ka=([H3O+]*[A-])/[HA]
99
Base Dissociation Constant
Kb=([B+]*[OH-])/[BOH]
100
pKa
-logKa
101
pKb
-logKb
102
Henderson Hassel Balch Equation
pH=pKa+log([conj. base]/[acid])
103
Point of Inflection
pH=pKa or 14-pKb
104
Solubility Product Constant
for Am*Bn;
K(sp)=[A^n+]^m*[B^m-]^n
105
Retardation factor
R(f)= distance spot moved/distance solvent front moved
106
Henry's Law
[A]=K(H)*P(A)
107
Electrophoresis (migration velocity of a molec)
V=Ez/f
108
Hardy Weinberg Equation
p+q=1 or
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
109
Michaelis-Menten
v=(v(max)[S])/(K(m)+[S])
110
Nernst Equation
E(cell)=E(cell)-(RT/nF)ln(Q)
111
Osmotic Pressure
Π = iMRT
Osmotic pressure is defined as the minimum pressure applied to a solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane.
112
Acceleration of gravity on earth
9.81m/s^2
113
Density of water
1 g/mL
114
Coulombs constant
k=8.99*10^9 N*m^2/C^2
115
Charge of an electron vs proton
e-= -1.6*10^-19 C
proton=+1.6*10^-19 C
116
Speed of sound
343 m/s
117
Speed of light
3*10^8 m/s
