MCAT BIO Flashcards
(16 cards)
Which type of muscles contain striated fibers?
The heart and skeletal muscle
Which type of muscles contain smooth muscle?
uterus, arteries & veins, small intestine
What is the function of basophils in the immune system?
Basophils release histamines which are vasodilators commonly released by the body to respond to allergens. They are not involved in phagocytosis.
What types of cells in the immune system are involved in phagocytosis?
Macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils
What are the three main antigen presenting cell types?
macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.
While B cells are known to produce antibodies, they can also play a role as antigen presenting cells
Describe central tolerance in the immune system?
Central tolerance is the process through which the body destroys lymphocytes that are specific and can react with antigens present on our own cells
Which of the following tissues have cells that are in direct contact with the external envt. or elements of the external envt.?
I. lining of the respiratory tract
II. lining of the reproductive tract
III. lining of the GI tract
I, II, and III
This is because tissues that are exposed to the external environment have mucosal membranes. All of the tissues listed contain elements of mucosa (e.g. nasal cavity, vagina, anus)
The pancreas produces what kind of substances for the digestive system?
The pancreas produces several proteolytic enzymes which can be released into the small intestine and converted into their active forms of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase
Functions of the large intestine
- Water absorption
- Electrolyte absorption
- Provides provision of an envt. for E. coli
List the pathway of bile as it travels starting from production
bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder until needed. Once the gallbladder receives the signal to release the bile, the bile travels down the cystic duct and common bile duct into the duodenum
Where does most of the reabsorption occur in the kidney?
In the Proximal convoluted tubule
Describe filtration as it relates to the kidneys
Filtration is the movement of plasma from the
where does protein digestion begin?
In the stomach
where does fatty acid beta oxidation occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix (same region as Krebs cycle)
where does triacylglycerol synthesis occur?
In the liver
What is the primary process that occurs in the colon?
Water absorption
