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MCAT Psychology- MINE > MCAT Psychology > Flashcards

MCAT Psychology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

If an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase is added to a neuromuscular junction, then the postsynaptic membrane will:

A

be depolarized longer with each action potential since ACH will remain in the synaptic cleft longer

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2
Q

temporal summation

A

PREsynaptic neuron fired action potentials so rapidly that the EPSPs or IPSPs pile up, can lead to postsynaptic action potential

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3
Q

spatial summation

A

EPSSPS and IPSPs from all synapses on the POSTSYNAPTIC membrane are summed up- can lead to action potential

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4
Q

spinal cord

A

simple reflexex: stretch and tendon, (primitive) walking, urination, sex organ function

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5
Q

medulla

A

involuntary functions: BP, heart rate, reflex reaction (coughing)

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6
Q

pons

A

relay station and balance

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7
Q

cerebellum

A

movement coordination: balance, posture, muscle tone

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8
Q

midbrain

A

eye movement , wakefulness

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9
Q

thalamus

A

integrating center and relay station

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

homeostasis and behavior

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11
Q

basal nuclei

A

movement

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12
Q

limbic sys

A

emotion, memory, and learning

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13
Q

cerebral cortex

A

perception, skeletal muscle movement, thought, language, and consciousness

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14
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects left and right hemispheres

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15
Q

parallel processing

A

processing simultaneously

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16
Q

Alan Baddeley’s model

A

short-term memory is working memory with four components

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17
Q

Jean Piaget

A

cognitive dev in children: dev involved schemas (mental frameworks), assimilating and accommodating schemas

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18
Q

Piaget’s Theory

A

Sensorimotor(object permanence), Pre-operational Stage( 2-7 representation through symbols, pretend play, and language , Concrete Operational (7-11 thinking logically about concrete events and the idea of conservation- quantity remains the same), Formal Operational Stage ( 12-up abstract thinking and moral reasoning)

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19
Q

Sleep

A

Stage 1 sleep: theta waves, less responsive to stimuli
Stage 2 sleep: theta waves, sleep spindles and k-complexes, no eye movement, decreased heart rate, respiration, and temp
Stage 3 and 4- transitioning to slow wave sleep, delta waves, growth hormones secrets
Final REM sleep: bursts of quick eye movement, similar to beta waves in wake, very low skeletal movement , dreams

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20
Q

Depressants

A

alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates ( heroin and morphine)

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21
Q

Yerkes- Dodson Law

A

emotional arousal is a U shaped correlation and we perform best when moderately aroused

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22
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

1st we experience physiological response and then we experience emotion

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23
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

after a stimulus, the physiological response and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously and independently of each other

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24
Q

Schachter-Singer Theory

Study These Flashcards
A

once we experience physiological arousal we make conscious cognitive interpretation based on our circumstances, which allows us to identify the emotion that we are experiencing

25
BF Skinner's Behaviorist model of language acquisition
infants are trained in language by operant conditioning
26
Noam Chomsky
we possess innate features that allow is to master language - universal grammar
27
Broca's areas
speech production
28
Non associative learning
repeatedly exposed to a stimulus and includes habitation and sensitization
29
associative learning
occurs when an organism learns that an event object or action is connected with another ex classical and operant conditioning
30
classical conditioning
pairs neutral stimulus out an unconditioned stimulus to generate a conditioned stimulus and conditioned response
31
conditioned stimulus
originally neutral stimulus (bell) the is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) until it can produce the conditioned response (salivation) without the unconditioned stimulus (food) In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
32
conditioned response
same as unconditioned response, but now occurs w/o the unconditioned stimulus
33
operant conditioning
uses reinforcement and punishment to mold behavior and eventually cause associative learning
34
reinforcement
increases the likelihood that a preceding behavior will be repeated; pos reinforcement-occurs immediately folioing behavior, neg reinforcement- neg stimulus that is removed immediately following a behavior
35
fixed-ratio
provides reinforcement after a set # of instances
36
variable-ratiio
provides the reinforcement after an unpredictable number of occurrences
37
fixed-interval
provides reinforcement after a set period of TIME
38
variable-interval
provides reinforcement after inconsistent amount of TIME
39
Punishment
decreases likelihood that behavior will be repeated ; pos punishment pairs a neg stimulus with behavior/ neg punishment removes reinforcing stimulus
40
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment
modeling/ observational learning is a social process
41
elaboration likelihood model of persuasion
attitudes are formed by dual processes (central High motivation and peripheral, low)
42
implicit memory
procedural
43
explicit memory
declarative - semantic memory (memory for factual info, ex capital of England) and episodic ( autobiographical)
44
anterograde amnesia
inability to encode new memories
45
retrograde amnesia
inability to recall info that was previously encoded
46
proactive interference
when info that was previously learned interferes with the ability to recall information learned later
47
retroactive interference
when newly learned information interferes with the recall of information learned previously
48
What part of the brain is responsible for procedural memories for skills?
basal ganglia
49
parietal lobe
integrating sensory info- helps in determining spatial sense and navigation
50
Freud
psychoanalytic theory -personality is a result an individual's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories
51
id, ego, superego
id- pleasure, unconscious ego-reality, logic, planning to control consciousness and id superego- superego inhibits id and influences the ego to follow moralistic rather than realistic goals
52
Carl Rogers
pioneered humanistic perspective - incongruence between behavior and self-concept causes psychopathy
53
humanistic
person centered therapy - client therapist relationship
54
Behaviorist perspective
personality determined by conditioning
55
principle of aggregation
attitudes predict general overall behavior well, but do not always accurately predict specific behaviors
56
Philip Zimbardo
discovered role-playing has a powerful influence on attitudes an behavior
57
symbolic interactionism
purposes that the mind and self emerge through the social processes of communication and the use of cultural symbols
58
multiculturalism/pluralism
endorses equal standing for all cultural traditions within a society
59
impression management
self-presentation- conscious/unconscious process where ppl attempt to manage their own images by influencing the perception of others

MCAT Psychology- MINE (1 decks)

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