mcb 101 lecture 1 Flashcards
What classification system did Carl Linnaeus develop in 1735?
2-Kingdom system: Animalia and Vegetabilia
Linnaeus is also known for the binomial nomenclature system.
What significant technological advances influenced classification schemes?
Electron microscopes, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, computers
These advances greatly impacted taxonomy and systematics.
What is the title of Linnaeus’s book that includes classification and names of animals?
Systema Naturae
Published in 1758.
Who proposed the three kingdoms: Plantae, Protista, and Animalia?
Ernst Haeckel in 1866
Haeckel’s tree of life shows primitive forms of life close to the trunk.
What distinction did Édouard Chatton make in his 1925 paper?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems of cellular organization
He coined these terms in relation to cellular structures.
What kingdom did Herbert Faulkner Copeland contribute in 1966?
Kingdom Monera
This kingdom includes bacteria and primitive algae.
What is the significance of Robert Harding Whittaker’s five-kingdom scheme?
It includes Monera, Protista, Plants, Animals, and Fungi
Proposed in 1969.
Who proposed the 6-kingdom scheme and what does it include?
Carl R. Woese; Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista
Woese’s work defined the Archaea.
What significant classification change did Woese, Kandler, and Wheelis propose in 1990?
The Domain classification above Kingdom
Introduced the domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.
What is the evolutionary chronometer used by Woese and colleagues?
Small subunit of RNA (rRNA)
rRNA is used for determining evolutionary relationships.
Fill in the blank: The Domain Bacteria is comprised of microorganisms that are beneficial and can be _______.
pathogens
What are the major groups of bacteria in the Domain Bacteria?
- Proteobacteria
- Cyanobacteria
- Spirochaetes
- Green sulfur bacteria
- Green nonsulfur bacteria
- Bacteriodes
- Thermotaga
Each group has distinct characteristics and functions.
What are methanogens and where do they thrive?
Methane producers; thrive in swamps, marshes, and guts of cattle
Example: Methanococcus jannaschii.
What are extreme halophiles known for?
Living in high salt concentration environments
They can thrive in environments saltier than ocean water.
What temperature range do extreme thermophiles prefer?
Above 60 °C, up to 110 °C or near freezing
They live in hot sulfur springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
