MCHN Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
GOALS OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING
A
- Promote Health and Well-being
- Prevent Illness and Injury
- Foster Healthy Development
- Support Family Functioning
- Reduce Health Disparities
2
Q
PHILOSOPHIES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING (7)
A
- Family-Centered Care
- Empowerment
- Holistic Approach
- Cultural Competence
- Collaboration
- Social Justice
- Evidence-Based Practice
3
Q
THEORIES RELATED TO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING
A
- Kübler-Ross Theory
- Pender’s Health Promotion Model
- Roy’s Adaptation Model
- Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
- King’s Theory of Goal Attainment
- Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
- Johnson’s Behavioral System Model
- Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
- Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
4
Q
This theory is related to grief and loss, which is a common experience for mothers and families who have experienced pregnancy loss, stillbirth, or infant death.
A
Kübler-Ross Theory
5
Q
This theory focuses on the role of health behaviors in promoting health and preventing disease. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to promote healthy behaviors such as breastfeeding, proper nutrition, and regular check-ups.
A
Pender’s Health Promotion Model
6
Q
This theory is used to understand how individuals adapt to their environment. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to understand how mothers and families adapt to the challenges of caring for a newborn or child.
A
Roy’s Adaptation Model
7
Q
This theory focuses on the importance of caring and compassion in nursing practice. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to promote a caring relationship between nurses and mothers and children.
A
Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
8
Q
This theory is used to understand how individuals set and achieve goals. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to help mothers set and achieve goals for their health and the health of their children.
A
King’s Theory of Goal Attainment
9
Q
This theory is used to understand how individuals care for themselves. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to help mothers develop self-care skills to promote their own health and well-being.
A
Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory
10
Q
This theory is used to understand how individuals behave in response to environmental stimuli. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to understand how mothers and families respond to environmental factors such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and social isolation.
A
Johnson’s Behavioral System Model
11
Q
This theory is used to understand how culture influences healthcare practices. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to understand how cultural beliefs and practices influence the care of mothers and children.
A
Leininger’s Culture Care Theory
12
Q
This theory is used to understand how behavior is learned through association. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to promote healthy behaviors such as breastfeeding and regular checkups.
A
Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory
13
Q
This theory is used to understand how human needs are prioritized. In maternal and child health nursing, this theory can be applied to understand how mothers’ needs are prioritized in relation to their children’s needs.
A
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
14
Q
ROLES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSE
A
- Health Educator
- Health Promoter
- Case Manager
- Community Health Worker
- Midwife
- Child Development Specialist
- Family Support Worker
- Researcher
15
Q
RESPONSIBILITIES OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSE (8)
A
- Provide antenatal care
- Assist in childbirth
- Provide postpartum care
- Monitor newborns
- Conduct home visits
- Develop community programs
- Collaborate with other healthcare professionals
- Advocate for policy changes
16
Q
WHO’s 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
A
- No Poverty
- Zero Hunger
- Good Health and Well-being
- Quality Education
- Gender Equality
- Clean Water and Sanitation
- Affordable and Clean Energy
- Decent Work and Economic Growth
- Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
- Reduced Inequalities
- Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Responsible Consumption and Production
- Climate Action
- Life Below Water
- Life on Land
- Peaceful Societies
- Partnerships for the Goals
17
Q
Union of two individuals that is mutually agreed to become one.
A
UNITIVE
18
Q
Create and produce another life.
A
PROCREATIVE
19
Q
Marriage is when a man and woman unite “as one flesh”
A
Sex is unitive
20
Q
Marriage needs to be open to the possibility of having children.
A
Sex is procreative
21
Q
The unitive and procreative aspects of the sexual act are ____
A
inseparable
22
Q
SEXUAL RELATIONSHIP IN MARRIAGE HAS TWO PURPOSES
A
a. Strengthen the couple and allows them to express their love in a powerful way (unitive).
b. Leads to the creation of new life (procreation)
23
Q
the creation of a new human person, by the act of sexual intercourse, by a man and a woman
A
Procreation
24
Q
The making of all things from nothing, by an act of God, at some time in the past. God’s action could have taken a second, or 6 days, or a million years.
A
Creation
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the theory that all things came about by the repeated random actions of natural selection
Evolutionary theory
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The ___ is the basic unit of community
FAMILY
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Family is defined as “a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption living together.”
by the U.S. Census Bureau (USCB, 2010)
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defines the family in a much broader context as “two or more people who live in the same household (usually), share a common emotional bond, and perform certain interrelated social tasks.”
Allender (2013)
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TYPES OF FAMILIES
1. Dyad Family
2. Cohabitation Family
3. Nuclear Family
4. Polygamous Family
5. Extended (multigenerational) Family
6. Single-parent Family
7. Blended Family
8. Gay or Lesbian Family
9. Foster Family
10. Adaptive Family
30
the male organ of copulation and urination.
PENIS
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a rugated, skin-covered, muscular pouch suspended from the perineum containing the testes; covered by sparse hair after puberty.
SCROTUM
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two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide, that rest in the scrotum.
TESTES
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FUNCTIONS OF TESTES
Hormone Production & Spermatogenesis
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Production or maturation of sperm cell
Spermatogenesis
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a tightly coiled tube about 6m (20 ft) long that caps the superior part of the testis.
EPIDIDYMIS
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an additional hollow tube surrounded by arteries and veins and protected by a thick fibrous coating, which, altogether, are referred to as the spermatic cord.
VAS DEFERENS
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are two convoluted pouches that lie along the lower portion of the bladder and empty into the urethra by ejaculatory ducts. These glands secrete a viscous alkaline liquid with a high sugar, protein, and prostaglandin content. Sperm become increasingly motile because this added fluid surrounds them with a more favorable pH environment.
THE SEMINAL VESICLES
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pass through the urethra and then, connect the seminal vesicles to the urethra carrying the secretions of the said organs; the passageway of the semen.
EJACULATORY DUCT
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lies just below the bladder and allows the urethra to pass through the center of it. The gland’s purpose is to secrete a thin, alkaline fluid, which, when added to the secretion from the seminal vesicles, further protects sperm by increasing the naturally low pH level of the urethra.
THE PROSTATE GLAND
40
a hollow tube leading from the base of the bladder, which, after passing through the prostate gland, continues to the outside through the shaft and glans of the penis.
THE URETHRA
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The structures that form the female external genitalia are termed the ___
VULVA
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vulva; from the Latin word for __
COVERING
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refers to the entire female external genitalia.
VULVA or PUDENDA
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a pad of adipose tissue located over the symphysis pubis, the pubic bone joint. Covered by a triangle of coarse, curly hairs, the purpose of the mons veneris is to protect the junction of the pubic bone from trauma.
THE MONS PUBIS OR MONS VENERIS
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two folds of tissue, fused anteriorly but separated posteriorly, which are positioned lateral to the labia minora and composed of loose connective tissue covered by epithelium and pubic hair.
THE LABIA MAJORA
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two hairless thin folds of connective tissue that joins anteriorly to form the prepuce and posteriorly to form the fourchette.
THE LABIA MINORA
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a small (approximately 1 to 2 cm), rounded organ of erectile tissue at the forward junction of the labia minora.
THE CLITORIS
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located on each side of the vaginal opening with ducts that open into the proximal vagina near the labia minora and hymen.
BARTHOLIN GLANDS (vulvovaginal glands)
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are located on each side of the urinary meatus; their ducts open into the urethra.
SKENE GLANDS (paraurethral glands)
50
Female internal reproductive organs
the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.
51
is a hollow, musculomembranous canal about 8 to 12cm long located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. It extends from the cervix of the uterus to the external vulva.
THE VAGINA
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Functions of vagina
- Organ of Copulation
- Discharges Menstrual flow
- Birth Canal
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to act as the organ of intercourse and to convey sperm to the cervix.
Organ of Copulation
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it expands to serve as the birth canal during childbirth
Birth Canal
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a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located in the lower pelvis, posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum
THE UTERUS
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Parts of Uterus:
Cervix
Body
Fundus
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Layers of Uterus
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
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arise from each upper corner of the uterine body and extend outward and backward until each opens at its distal end, next to an ovary.
THE FALLOPIAN TUBES
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Functions of fallopian tube
Transport ovum from ovary to uterus
The site of fertilization
Provides nourishment to the ovum during its journey.
60
Parts of Fallopian tubes
Infundibulum
Isthmus
Ampulla
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approximately 3 cm long by 2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm thick, or the size and shape of almonds.
THE OVARIES
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Functions of ovaries
Oogenesis, Ovulation, Hormone Production
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the ovaries are responsible for development and maturation of ovum.
Oogenesis
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refers to the release of ovum from the ovary.
Ovulation
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ovaries are the main source of estrogen and progesterone in nonpregnant women.
Hormone Production
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are accessory organs of reproduction meant to provide the infant with the most ideal nourishment after birth.
THE FEMALE BREASTS
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an episodic uterine bleeding in response to cyclic hormonal changes
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
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first menstruation. Ideal Age 12y/o
Menarche
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cessation or the last mens. Ideal age 42y/o
Menopause
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*common cause of late menopause
Multiparity
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heavy menstruation. Complication- Anemia.
Menorrhagia
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absence of menstruation. 1st sign of pregnancy due to presence of placenta.
Amenorrhea
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Painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea
74
serves as temporary placenta for 2mons. (progesterone and estrogen)
Corpus Luteum
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maintain the growth of Corpus Luteum.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
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Appears after 2mos. Source of nutrients of the baby inside the womb
Placenta
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SEQUENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
1. Proliferative phase
2. Secretory phase
3. Ischemic phase
4. Menstrual phase
78
day 4 or 5 of the cycle. Uterus begin to proliferate rapidly as much as 8 times from day 5-14. (THICKEST)
Proliferative phase
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ovulation. Release of ovum. Aka luteal phase
Secretory phase
80
if the progesterone does not occur, progesterone will decrease after 8-10days then endometrium will degenerate on the day 24 or day 25 of the cycle.
Ischemic phase
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secretions of mixture of blood, capillaries, fragments of endometrial tissue, and the atrophied ovum. (THINNEST)
Menstrual phase
82
Hormones present in the Menstrual cycle
1. Progesterone
2. Estrogen
3. Follicle Realizing Hormone- Releasing Hormone/Factor
4. Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone/Factor
5. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
6. Luteinizing Hormone
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Organs and Glands responsible for Menstrual Cycle
1. Ovary
2. Uterus
3. Anterior Pituitary Gland
4. Hypothalamus.
84
Factors affecting Menstruation
1. Stress
2. Climate
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Stages of Human Sexual Response
1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasm
4. Resolution
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physical and psychological stimulation that cause parasympathetic nerve stimulation which leads to arterial dilation and venous constriction therefore cause vasocongestion and increasing muscular congestion.
Excitement
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stage reached just before orgasm.
Plateau
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stimulation proceeds through the plateau to a point which vigorous contractions. The shortest among the stages of human sexual response
Orgasm
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30 mins period during which the external genital organs return to unaroused state. For male, refractory period is needed for male to be able to reach another orgasm
Resolution
90
a self-stimulation for erotic pleasure. It can be mutually enjoyable activity for sexual partners.
Masturbation
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sex during pregnancy causes miscarriage is a myth. true or false
true
92
TRUE OR FALSE, According to study, women may find masturbation to orgasm the most satisfying sexual expression and use it more commonly than men.
TRUE
93
defined as the characteristics that make a man, a man, or a woman, a woman
Human sexuality
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this pertains to being a male or female; includes biological concerns on reproductive anatomy and physiolog
BIOLOGICAL SEX
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sexual preference of an individual with regards to the sex of a person he/ she is attracted to or the sex of his/ her partner in a sexual relationship
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
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this pertains to a person’s feelings about the body and being a man or woman
SEXUAL IDENTITY (body image)
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psychological sense of being male or female, and personal and or social norms for feminine or masculine behavior
GENDER IDENTITY
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about life, love, and people each individual life has touched.
VALUES AND ATTITUDES, FEELINGS, AND EMOTIONS
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a Philippine law that provides universal access to methods of contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care.
The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or Reproductive Health Law/RH Law
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The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 or Reproductive Health Law/RH Law is officially designated as
Republic Act No. 10354
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a concept that emphasizes the importance of couples making informed decisions about their reproductive health and family planning, with the goal of achieving a better quality of life for themselves and their children.
Responsible parenthood
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FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
NATURAL METHOD, BARRIER METHOD, STERILIZATION, HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE, AND EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
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determine the ovulation day. No sex 5days before and 3days after.
Calendar method
104
aka Billing’s Method. It is where the cervical mucous become clear and stretchable. Known as Spinnbarkeit’s Sign which indicates ovulation due to increase estrogen.
Cervical Mucous
105
Cervical Mucous is also known as
Spinnbarkeit’s Sign
106
progesterone is thermogenic which cause the body to increase in temperature.
Basal Body Temperature
107
combination of cervical mucous and BBT
Symptothermal Method
108
least safest family planning method
Coitus Interruptus (withdrawal)
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no sex at all therefore there is 0% chances of pregnancy.
Abstinence
110
Latex or polyurethane condoms for male or female use.
Condoms
111
Used for oral sex to prevent STIs.
Dental Dams
112
Creams, foams, or suppositories that contain nonoxynol-9
Spermicides
113
Internal condoms for female use.
Female Condoms
114
Surgery to tie or cut the fallopian tubes.
Tubal Ligation
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Surgery to cut or block the vas deferens.
Vasectomy
116
Pills containing estrogen and progestin, taken daily.
Combination Oral Contraceptives (COCs)
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Pills containing only progestin, taken daily.
Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptives (POPs)
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Hormonal injections given every 2-3 months
Injectables
119
Patches worn on the skin that release hormones for up to 7 days.
Transdermal Patches
120
Soft, flexible rings inserted into the vagina that release hormones for up to 3 weeks.
Vaginal Rings
121
Pills containing high doses of estrogen and progestin taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex.
Morning-After Pill
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Injecting hormonal medications like Depo-Provera or OCPs within 72 hours of unprotected sex.
Emergency Injections
123
a systematic approach to clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences.
EVIDENCED-BASED PRACTICE (EBP)
124
MAIN COMPONENTS OF EBP
1. Best Research Evidence
2. Clinical Expertise
3. Patients Values & Preferences
125
FIVE STEPS TO IMPLEMENT EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING
1. Ask a Clinical Question
2. Acquire the Evidence
3. Appraise the Evidence
4. Apply the Evidence
5. Assess the Outcomes
126
TYPES OR SOURCES OF EVIDENCE IN NURSING
1. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
2. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
3. Cohort studies and case-control studies
127
estimates the fetal weight in grams which can only be used in cephalic vertex presentation.
JOHNSON'S RULE
128
the distance between the top of your uterus and your pubic bone. It is measured in cm by measuring tape. It is used to see how the fetus is growing.
Fundal height
129
refers to the fetus’ engagement to the pelvic if engaged or not.
n
130
the measurement of the fundal height from the symphysis pubis.
McDonald’s Rule
131
length of time a fetus has been developing in the mother’s uterus
AOG or Age of Gestation
132
when a baby in the womb doesn't grow at the expected rate during the pregnancy
Intrauterine growth restriction
133
more than one fetus (twins, triplets, and higher-order multiples)
Multifetal gestation
134
increase in the amniotic fluid in the uterus during pregnancy
Polyhydramnios
135
It estimates the Expected Date of Delivery (EDD).
NAEGELE’S RULE
136
Physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy can be categorized as
local (confined to the reproductive organs) or systemic (affecting the entire body)
137
This stretch during pregnancy and are not newly built.
* Uterine fibers
138
increases during pregnancy as the placenta grows and requires more and more blood for perfusion.
Uterine blood flow
139
The extreme softening of the lower uterine segment. It is a probable sign of pregnancy.
Hegar’s sign
140
“practice” contractions, serve as warm-up exercises for labor and also increase placental perfusion.
Braxton Hicks contractions
141
mucous plug, acts to seal out bacteria during pregnancy and therefore helps prevent infection in the fetus and membranes
operculum
142
TRUE OR FALSE, As the uterus increases in size, the abdominal wall must stretch to accommodate it.
TRUE
143
144
A narrow, brown line may form, running from the umbilicus to the symphysis pubis and separating the abdomen into right and left hemispheres.
Linea nigra
145
Darkened areas may appear on the face as well, particularly on the cheeks and across the nose. This is known as the “mask of pregnancy.”
melasma (chloasma)
146
