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PREMID > MCHN MIDTERM TOPIC > Flashcards

MCHN MIDTERM TOPIC Flashcards

1
Q

Alteration in circulation of blood that occurs during fetal development

A

Congenital disorder

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2
Q

where there is no mixing of unoxygenated and oxygenated blood

A

acrocyanotically

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3
Q

where unoxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated blood wheter cyanosis occurs or not

A

cyanotically

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4
Q

Small or moderate openings may be asymptomatic

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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5
Q
  • Loud harsh murmur best heard left sternal border radiating throughout precordium
  • Right ventricular hyperthrophy
  • Cardiac enlargement
A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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6
Q

Abnormal opening between right and left ventricles

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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7
Q

Left to right shunting due to incomplete closure of septum; pulmonary vascular resistance

A

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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8
Q

Machinery-like murmur best heard upper-left sternal border during systole and most diastole

A

Patent Ductus Arteriousus (PDA)

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9
Q
  • Widened pulse pressure
  • History fatigue, weak cry, breathlessness, feeding difficulties
  • Increased number respiratory infections
A

Patent Ductus Arteriousus (PDA)

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10
Q
  • Communication between pulmonary artery and aorta due to failure of ductus arteriousus to close after birth
  • Left to right shunting; increased pulmonary vascular resistance
A

Patent Ductus Arteriousus (PDA)

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11
Q
  • Episodes of sudden epistaxis
  • Full, bounding pulses upper extremities
  • Headaches
  • Leg fatigue
A

Coarctation of the Aorta (CA)

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12
Q

Elevated pressure proximal to narrowed portion of lumen of aorta

A

Coarctation of the Aorta (CA)

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13
Q
  • Weak or absent pulses in lower extremities
  • Systolic murmurs
  • Narrowing of aortic lumen
A

Coarctation of the Aorta (CA)

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14
Q

Left ventricle must generate higher than normal pressure to eject adequate stroke volume; reduces systolic pressure distal to coarctation

A

Coarctation of the Aorta (CA)

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15
Q

Systolic murmur best heard over second left intercostal space

A

Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)

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16
Q

Split S2 (a finding upon auscultation of the S2 heart sound, caused when the closure of the aortic valve and the closure of the pulmonary valve are not synchronized during inspiration

A

Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)

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17
Q
  • Dyspnea if severe
  • Fatigue if severe
A

Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)

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18
Q

Obstruction of flow from right ventricles to lungs

A

Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)

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19
Q

Increased right side of heart; right sided hypertrophy

A

Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)

20
Q

Systolic murmur throughout precordium

A

Aortic Stenosis (AS)

21
Q
  • Fatigue / exercise intolerance
  • Epigastric / anginal pain
A

Aortic Stenosis (AS)

22
Q

Obstructing flow from left ventricle to aorta

A

Aortic Stenosis (AS)

23
Q

Resistance to blood flow in left ventricle; left sided hypertrophy; increased oxygen demands; pulmonary vascular congestion

A

Aortic Stenosis (AS)

24
Q

Arterial pulses full and bounding

A

Transposition of Great Vessels (TGV)

25
Q

Murmur present only if VSD/PDA present

A

Transposition of Great Vessels (TGV)

26
Q

Reversal of anatomic positions of aorta and pulmonary artery; aorta originates from right ventricle to pulmonary artery from left ventricle

A

Transposition of Great Vessels (TGV)

27
Q

Incompatible with extrauterine life; venous blood enters right atrium to right ventricle to aorta and systemic circulation without oxygenation; oxygenated blood enters left atrium and returns to right atrium without supplying oxygen to blood

A

Transposition of Great Vessels (TGV)

28
Q

Cyanosis appears during the first year of life

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (TF)

29
Q

Clubbing of fingers in older infants

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (TF)

30
Q
  • Clubbing of fingers in older infants
  • Hypoxic spells
  • Squatting position following any form of exercise
  • Small for age
A

Tetralogy of Fallot (TF)

31
Q

Harsh systolic murmur best heard at middle to upper left sternal border

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (TF)

32
Q

What are the four anomalies present?

A

▪ Pulmonic Stenosis
▪ VSD
▪ Aorta overriding VSD
▪ Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

33
Q

Right to left shunting impending flow to lungs; right sided hyperthrophy, unoxygenated blood to systemic circulation to VSD overriding aorta

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (TF)

34
Q

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an acute autoimmune disease that occurs as sequelae group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection

A

ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER

35
Q

It is characterized by inflammation lesion of connective tissue and endothelial tissue, primarily affecting the joints and heart

A

ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER

36
Q

manifested by systolic and diastolic murmur, prolonged PR and QT interval on ECG and possibly by signs of CHF

A

Carditis

37
Q

Pain and limited movements of two or more joints are swollen, red, warm and tender

A

Polyarthritis

38
Q

sudden involuntary movements or purposeless, involuntary, rapid movements

A

Chorea

39
Q

nonpruritic pink, macular rask mostly or the trunk with pale central areas;

A

Erythema marginatum

40
Q

firm, painless nodules over scalp, extensor surface of joints, such as wrists, elbows, knees, and vertebral column

A

Subcutaneous nodules

41
Q

pain in one or more joints without evidence of inflammation, tenderness, or limited movements

A

Arthralgia

42
Q

usually used to control pain and inflammation of arthritis

A

Oral salicylates (aspirin) and NSAID (naproxen sodium)

43
Q

used in severe cases to try to control cardiac inflammation

A

Corticosteroid

44
Q

to control chorea

A

Phenobarbital, diazepam (valium), or other neurologic agent

45
Q

occurs when cardiac output cannot meet the metabolic demands of the body

A

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

46
Q

It is the inability of the heart to pump sufficient amount of blood

A

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

PREMID (4 decks)

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