MCIA Slides question Flashcards
(270 cards)
1
Q
Auto/manual scaling in RTF? need to dockerize apps for RTF?
A
manual scaling! And no, no need to dockerize apps for RTF!
2
Q
Anypoint (E.) Security min/full available for?
A
min for RTF, full for on prem, not at all for PCE,PCF
3
Q
Anypoint Tokenization available for?
A
on prem only! not rtf or pce or pcf
4
Q
Load balancing available for?
A
CH, RTF
5
Q
DLB support available only for?
A
CH
6
Q
Which runtime and control planes can support AWS auto-scaling in EC2 instances under ELB control?
A
– The best choice is customer-managed Mule runtimes deployed into EC2 instances under ELB control
– PCF, CloudHub, and !!!obs!!!! Runtime Fabric !!! cannot support this requirement
7
Q
what options does NOT REQUIRE Devops with expert capability in K8s and Docker?
A
Customer-hosted runtimes in RTF or on-prem solution do not required DevOps with expert capability in K8s and Docker
8
Q
what runtime alternatives can use splunk?
A
hybrid or on-prem/pce solution can use existing monitoring capability of Splunk. This is according to course material and this page: “Export Data from Runtime Manager to External Analytics Tools”
P.s. RTF workaround??? exist https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-fabric/1.0/configure-log-forwarding
9
Q
what options make VM queues messages to be load balanced for deployments to a cluster
A
VM queues messages are load balanced for deployments to a cluster of Mule runtimes: Fabric, on-prem
10
Q
what only runs in the primary node in a cluster?
A
scheduler
11
Q
when to use a private Object Store?
A
For cases where shared state is a security risk, you should use a private Object Store.
For cases where you do not want anyone to manipulate the store from the connector level. For example, you want to avoid the chance that someone changes the configuration of a Clear operation so that it deletes all your authorization data.
12
Q
how fast is replicated in-memory data grid vs disk?
A
Replicated in-memory data grid storage lies somewhere between in-memory and on-disk
13
Q
A MuleSoft Object Store have no what?
A
no query mechanism, objects are only retrievable by the key
14
Q
Customer-hosted clusters have additional configuration options that also affect the implementation and behavior of object stores, true or lie?
A
True!
You can persistently store JDBC data in a central system that is accessible by all cluster nodes when using Mule runtime engine on-premises. Object store persistence is not currently supported for Mule applications deployed on Runtime Fabric.
To enable object store persistence, create a database and define its configuration values in the {MULE_HOME}/.mule/mule-cluster.properties file:
mule. cluster.jdbcstoreurl: JDBC URL for connection to the database
mule. cluster.jdbcstoreusername: Database username
mule. cluster.jdbcstorepassword: Database user password
mule. cluster.jdbcstoredriver: JDBC Driver class name
mule. cluster.jdbcstorequerystrategy: SQL dialect
15
Q
Persistent queues are not available between…
A
Between different Mule applications, especially deployed to different Mule runtimes. or to non-mule apps.
16
Q
File persistence (reliablility, durability, and persistency) in Runtime Fabric compared to standalone Mule runtime?
A
not as good in RTF compared to standalone
17
Q
whatermark for scheduling?
A
Use a watermark to keep a persistent variable between scheduling events. P.s. i guess it survice restart since its using persistent object store!?
18
Q
System.out messages in app or system log?
A
in CH in app log, in Customer hosted in system log
19
Q
Can CloudHub integrate with third party log management systems in an abritrary way?
A
Yes, using custom aggregator application. It can be done by creating an application with Mule or any other language
20
Q
what happens to default business events if it is currently configured disabled in the Mule application?
A
Default business events tracking still will be enabled for every flow and component
21
Q
What is next generation tool from MuleSoft for analyzing and monitoring applications/servers?
A
Anypoint Monitoring
22
Q
IPSEC VPN, VPC peering, direct connect is used when?
A
You can connect an Anypoint Virtual Private Cloud (Anypoint VPC) to your private network using an IPsec tunnel, VPC peering (AWS), and CloudHub Direct Connect (AWS).
P.s. VPC Peering can be used to connect your AWS and Anypoint VPCs but they must be located in the same region. CloudHub Direct Connect can be used to connect to AWS too in the same region.
23
Q
Data partitioning??? ACID vs. BASE transactions??
A
https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-runtime/4.3/choosing-the-right-clustering-topology
The rise of NoSQL databases provided a flexible and fluid way to manipulate data.The acronym BASE is slightly more confusing than ACID (Atomic, Consitent, Isolated, Durable)
BASE stands for:
Basically Available – Rather than enforcing immediate consistency, BASE-modelled NoSQL databases will ensure availability of data by spreading and replicating it across the nodes of the database cluster.
Soft State – Due to the lack of immediate consistency, data values may change over time. The BASE model breaks off with the concept of a database which enforces its own consistency, delegating that responsibility to developers.
Eventually Consistent – The fact that BASE does not enforce immediate consistency does not mean that it never achieves it. However, until it does, data reads are still possible (even though they might not reflect the reality).
24
Q
Rollback of Tx happens
A
1) After a failure occurs in a transaction scope, but only if the error is not handled in an On Error Continue scope 2) On error Propagate 3) By throwing an error in a flow or in a Try scope
25
JMS Recover session?
JMS Recover session is used inside Error Handler to redeliver messages
26
Receipt of JMS messages must be acknowledged when?
when JMS transactions are not used
27
when to use JMS Transaction vs Jms Ack
● Use JMS ack if
– Acknowledgment should occur eventually, perhaps asynchronously
– The performance of the message receipt is paramount
– The message processing is idempotent
– For the choreography portion of the SAGA pattern
● Use JMS transactions
– For all other times in the integration you want to perform an atomic unit of
work
– When the unit of work comprises more than the receipt of a single message
– To simplify and unify the programming model (begin/commit/rollback)
28
HTTP Request operation have what validation types?
Failure status code validator, Success status code validator, but also Expression and None
29
how to set encryption key for enc props
chap 15, slide 34:
Encryption key for encryption sets as system property or env variable
chap 15 slide 38:
● On-premises
– Set from JDK system properties ■ Mule -M-Dencryption.key=Mule
– Set from environment variables from OS ■ varies with OS
– Set from wrapper.conf in /conf
■ wrapper.java.additional.=-Dencryption.key=Mule
● CloudHub
– Set from Runtime Manager console’s property tab
– Best practice is to set key from Runtime Manager console and hide as application property by listing under secureProperties key as comma separated list in mule-artifact.json
30
supported secure protocols?
HTTPS, TLS, SFTP, FTPS, SMTP/S, IPSec
31
API Policy Authentication/Authorization supported through:
● Basic Authentication: LDAP/Simple
OAuth 2.0 token enforcement API policies
● IP-based access control
■ Blacklisting, whitelisting
32
name five Anypoint Edge policies!?
```
● Service Virtualization
● Connection Security and Certificate Management
● Content Security
● Quality of Service
● Application Level(Dos)
```
33
Edge/Tokenization deployed where?
● Edge Security servers are usually deployed in a DMZ in a customer-hosted environment
– Provides edge policies
● Tokenization is usually deployed inside the firewall to replace
sensitive data with fake data in the same format
34
Secrets Manager is only supported by?
Secrets Manager is only supported for customer-hosted Mule runtimes in Runtime Fabric only
35
When is system error handler invoked?
• When an error does not involve a Mule event, the system error handler is invoked
36
zero downtime is mandatory for what packaging?
CH, it appears its understood that way
37
By design, Correlation Ids cannot be changed within a flow in Mule 4 applications and can be set only at source. But how???
If "X-Correlation-Id" header is present, HTTP connector uses this as the Correlation Id.
If "X-Correlation-Id" header is NOT present, a Correlation Id is randomly generated.
Obs! This ID is part of the Event Context and is generated as soon as the message is received by the application.
38
Cert förnyelse gäller INTE RTF eller CH, utan bara gäller Hybrid o PCE
Registering a Mule server in Anypoint Runtime Manager requires a valid certificate provisioned and signed by Runtime Manager. Det går att förnya i Runtime Manager direkt. Man ser det direkt under servers fliken.
39
Från examen: External Analytics Tools För PCE eller Hybrid kan möjligöras hurdå?
You can configure the Runtime Manager agent to export data to external analytics tools. Using either the Runtime Manager cloud console or Anypoint Platform Private Cloud Edition, you can:
1) Send Mule event notifications, including flow executions and exceptions, to Splunk or ELK.
2) Send API Analytics to Splunk or ELK.
40
Common message construction patterns?
● Common data models
● Message transformation patterns
● Message validation patterns
● Message routing patterns
41
Datasense is about what?
- it can automatically sense and import metadata from the connectors
- With DataSense, inbound and outbound schemas can be auto-populated
- DataSense assists you at design time by providing a live stream of content types while you are coding
42
Which language can NOT be used for transformation?
Seems its Java. Those are supported: Transformation using scripting Groovy, JRuby (Ruby), JPython(Python), Nashorn(JavaScript)
43
system mapping complexity with or w/o cdm?
w/o can be worst: O(N^2). with its linear O(N)
44
Mule application A receives a request Anypoint MQ message REQU
With a payload containing a variable-length list of request object.
Application A uses the For Each scope to split the list into individual objects and sends each
Object as a message to an Anypoint MQ queue. Service S listens on that queue,
Processes each message independently of all other messages and sends a response
Message to a response queue. Application A listens on that response queue and must
In turn create and publish a response Anypoint MQ message RESP with a payload containing
The list od responses sent by service S in the same order as the request objects originally
Sent in Requ. Assume successful response messages are returned by services S for all request messages.
What is required so that application A can ensure that the length and order of the list of objects in RESP and REQU
Match, while at the same time maximizing message throughput?
q14
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1q81bh/Mule-application-A-receives-a-request-Anypoint-MQ-message-REQU-with-a-payload/
it appears scatter-gather inside for each is the answer here. but i was worried about conccurrency but maxconcurrency=1 can help.
45
what type of faults can be produced by APIKIT?
APIkit - JSON validation, throw SOAP faults
46
what happens typically when condition fails in APIKIT or Mule validation module?
Error thrown happens! It is mandatory to catch the thrown error to control the flow of events!!!
Dont forget you can get a boolean in dataweave lik this: when expression=
"#[ Validation::isEmail(vars.unknownVariable) ]"
47
APIKIT for Rest only?
Not since 4.1.1. Soap!
48
configure sequential execution of batch?
- e.g. calling one batch job after the other by just adding a batch:execute in each batch:on-complete will be enough, until you realize that you need to change the sequence, then you will need to start repointing the batch jobs with each other.
- An alternative to this could be using the main flow that has the logic to keep the sequence of the execution. and each batch job only knows its own ID and calls the main flow sending it as payload. So, the logic determines the order based on the predecessor batch job ID.
49
batch size vs batch scope?
Dont confuse with batch scope!!! "for each" have "batch size" feature in order to aggregate elements in the collection into smaller batch collections
A batch size of 1 means that individual elements (not 1-element collections) are passed on
50
The Organization Owner is a role or user?
It is NOT a role but an identifier for this single user
| – Inherits the Organization Administrator role by default
51
Can VPC be assigned to many business groups?
Each VPC is assigned to a business group.
An Anypoint Platform VPC can be configured to span across multiple environments and child business groups under the current business group
52
Does RTF support domain proj?
NO!!! If your on-premises application has a domain project with shared configs, you will need to refactor these configurations and have local configs for each application in Runtime Fabric. For example: HTTP/HTTPS listeners, DB configuration, etc.
53
zero downtime for the Mule application works due to redirection to old or new worker?
Provides automatic redirection to new CloudHub worker(s) after a Mule application is resized or restarted
54
Can logs be viewed in ARM in PCE?
NO! Logs are not available in Runtime Manager for PCE or RTF or PCF, only for CH https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-manager/viewing-log-data
55
which packaging provide customer hosted control plane?
PCE, or PCF (you can use either control plane for PCF)
56
in RTF, do we need to dockerize mule apps?
NO, No need to dockerize Mule apps in RTF!
57
OOTB capabilities of RTF?
Patch management, registering of Mule Apps and APIs, in Mule control plane, Zero ... etc..
58
how is primary node selected in customer hosted cluster
All worker nodes work in active-active
| model and always one (auto-elected)primary node
59
mule domain supported by?
ONLY available for customer-hosted Mule runtimes, but not for Anypoint Runtime Fabric
60
how to share config using mule domain?
Add global element configurations to the domain project
● Associate Mule applications with the domain name
– Each Mule application automatically shares all the Mule domain's global elements
61
Clustering of Mule runtimes have a * next to it for RTF and PCF, why?
Cause it requires external Hazelcast cluster service
62
Access to on-prem data from CH by the means of?
VPC or over internet
63
Runtime tuning in RTF and PCF ?
not supported in RTF. Template control in PCF
64
file persistence in CH? in RTF? PCF
yes for CH ? and PCF! less reliable for RTF!
65
DevOps containerization capability?
Prefered for all except Private CLoud Foundry
66
what doesnt require DevOps with expert capability in K8s and Docker?
Customer-hosted runtimes in RTF or on-prem solution do not required DevOps with expert capability in K8s and Docker
67
when are SSL endpoints not required?
No more outbound SSL endpoints as runtimes are deployed in existing infrastructure
68
what happens to stuff on disk when cloudhub worker stopped?
its like disappearance
| of the disk when a CloudHub worker is stopped
69
what happens to vm queues in CH as a result of service outages?
persistent queues can retain certain Mule application data such as messages in VM queues after service outages
70
vm queue limits in Anypoint Fabric?
– Persistent queuing has no message limit
| – maxOutstandingMessages attribute is set to limit the number of messages saved in each VM queue
71
whats Mule application instance in cloudhub?
Each worker is an instance of Mule that runs your integration applications
72
non obivous use of persistent VM queues ?
Share state (events) between Mule application INSTANCES (workers) deployed to multiple customer-hosted Mule runtimes (nodes) in a cluster or CloudHub workers
73
guaranteed only once delivery for vm queue?
Persistence queues may not guarantee that a message is delivered only once
74
which folder can CH file storage access e.g.?
The File connector can only access specific folders such as /tmp or /opt/storage, depending on the CloudHub worker size
75
File persistence in
| replicated deployments of Mule applications works how?
File persistence does not work across nodes/workers/servers in replicated deployments of Mule applications
– The file-system is not shared between CloudHub workers and also typically not within a Mule runtime cluster
76
CH osv2 "persistence queue" checkbox override queue defined in the app totally meaning?
- when checkbox disabled, persistence or transient suck equally on all cases
- when checkbox enabled, persistence or transient queue rock'n'roll in all cases totally!
77
persistence vm queue messages visible in ARM?
not for customer cluster, yes for CH
78
cache a stream?
Cache limitation: Does not cache consumable payloads such as a stream
79
cache using external store?
In Mule 4, the cache scope does not directly support external stores such as DB, Redis
– Can be done using the Mule SDK
80
why cache api?
according to the pic, its if u want to use not only object store but also DB, Redis , etc. And then you only talk to Cache API.
81
what watermarking option for the On New and Updated File are there? and for what connectors?
There is a watermarking option for the On New and Updated File operation for the family of file connectors
– There are two watermarking modes
■ CREATION_TIMESTAMP
■ MODIFIED_TIMESTAMP
82
whats the risk with Asynchronous processing in scenarios with watermark involved?
Asynchronous processing may not deliver the watermarked value in the correct increasing order, which might cause new records to be skipped
83
How does an On Table Row operation's watermark work?
This operation selects from a table at a regular interval and generates one message per obtained row.
84
Unlike batch and scheduler, whats Event/messaging queues good for?
Event/messaging queues
– Events/messages decouple data producers from data consumers
– Useful for real time data integration
85
Can caching avoid duplicate processing?
Yes
86
what to cache?: only a part of object or entire object in object store?
Persists cache objects (like repetitive payloads) in object store to share across REQUESTS. If using scheduling, use a watermark to keep a persistent variable between scheduling events
87
most obvious use cases for OS/Persistent queues/Caching ?
● Use the Object Store connector to persist and share a watermark (or other data) across flow executions
● Use persistent queues for managing state of application in case of failure of application or Mule runtime
● Use Caching to avoid intensive processing for repetitive payload
88
3 reliability enablers/patterns exception Untill-successfull and transactions, all start with R ?
– Reconnection strategies
– Redelivery policy
– NS:RETRY_EXHAUSTED exception scope
89
reconnection strategy is used by what component(s)?
To retry after connection failures, Mule connectors can set a reconnection strategy. Recon.strategy can be set for a connector (in the Global Elements Properties) or for a specific connector operation (in the Properties view)
90
redelivery policy unlike other Re's is what?
A redelivery policy is a filter that helps you conserve resources by limiting the number of times the Mule runtime engine (Mule) executes messages that generate errors. You can add a redelivery policy to any source in a flow. It is configured on inbound connectors, such as the JMS connector, to specify the number of redeliveries before discarding the message
91
RETRY_EXHAUSTED is a compliment to what?
●Before discarding the message after the number of redeliveries attempted, the connectors raises an exception of type RETRY_EXHAUSTED
● An error scope can handle the RETRY_EXHAUSTED error
92
Zero message/data loss for non-transactional systems is achieved using a reliability pattern. Its implemented using:
● Splits processing between an acquisition flow and a processing flow
● The flows do not call each other directly, but use persisted queues
93
1 big and 2 minor pecularities when achieving reliability for non-transactional systems, ordered accordingly?
1) The processing flow must read the message queue transactionally
2) A redelivery policy is set on event sources in both flows
3) REDELIVERY_EXHAUSTED type errors are handled in both the acquisition and processing flows
4) Queues can be persistent VM queues or JMS queues
94
whats API Functional Monitoring?
API Functional Monitoring is a framework for assuring the quality and reliability of public and private APIs ..
The API Functional Monitoring solution enables developers and operators to perform consistent testing of the functional behavior and performance of their APIs, throughout the API lifecycle, in testing and production environments.
The solution helps you carry out the following tasks:
White-box testing: This type of testing validates the behavior of individual APIs against the understanding of how their internals work. As part of this type of testing, you mock and simulate dependencies (for example, back-end systems and other APIs).
Black-box testing: This type of testing validates the overall behavior of an API and its real/live dependencies as a whole, based purely on inputs and outputs (i.e. without knowing or altering the API internals - no simulation or mocking).
Runtime monitoring: This type of monitoring ensures that deployed APIs are operating within expected performance in production environments. It makes use of behavioral test cases that use real inputs and expected outputs, and exercise dependencies, as in black-box testing.
95
primary node difference?
In an active-active model, there is no primary node. However, one of the nodes acts as the primary polling node. This means that sources can be configured to only be used by the primary polling node so that no other node reads messages from that source.
This feature works differently depending on the source type:
Scheduler source: only runs in the primary polling node.
Any other source: defined by the primaryNodeOnly attribute. Check each connector’s documentation to know which is the default value for primaryNodeOnly in that connector.
Example configuration for JMS:
96
server group vs cluster?
state-aware, automatic in-flight transaction failover.
P.s. länken för 4.3 verkar var kopia av 3.9 och är fel
https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-runtime/4.3/creating-and-managing-a-cluster-manually
97
examples of problems with duplicates that does not exist in clusters
- All JMS topic subscribers connect to the same topic, resulting in duplicate processing
- File based connectors.
All Mule instances access the same Mule file folders concurrently, which can lead to duplicate file processing and possible failures if a file is deleted or modified by the Mule application.
- Multicast connector.
All Mule instances get the same TCP requests and then process duplicate messages.
98
what happens when configuring HA using multiple CloudHub workers (>1)
● Each worker is created in a different
availability zone in the same AWS region
● Mule application data can be stored and shared
between CloudHub workers using Anypoint Object Store (OSv2)
● VM queues can be changed to persistent or non-persistent in Runtime Manager
– Without changing any configuration or properties of the deployed Mule app
99
is app redeploy required when cluster nodes add/subtrated as long as there is 1+ nodes?
NO. if primary node dies, one of the rest is autoelected as new primary
100
what does quorum mean?
A quorum size sets the minimum number of Mule runtimes that must be in the cluster in order Mule applications to run and accept inbound requests
– This also sets the number of nodes to which data is replicated
101
cluster node discover and join using multicast and unicast. pros and cons with both?
● Unicast pros: no special network req except ip. cons:
IP of at least one other node must be known and configured in each node's cluster configuration
● multicast pros: Nodes dynamically join the cluster when the node is started. cons: Only permitted in network where multicast is allowed
102
what are components that use a cluster’s shared memory ?
● VM Queues
● Object Stores
● Most connectors are not cluster-aware
– But all connectors that use an Object Store are implicitly cluster-aware
– Examples include: Cache scope, Idempotent Message validator, and the Round Robin router
103
Clusterings pros and cons (in comparison to load balancing) incl. implicit ones?
```
special pros:
- Built-in load balancing for VM queues
special cons:
- Requires 3rd-party product to
achieve HTTP load balancing
Obs! implicit cons: no loadbalancing for ex. Jms. you would need to disable primaryNodeOnly="false" for Queues, but for topics not using the primaryNodeOnly configuration will cause the cluster to process the same message more than once, unless JMS 2.0 shared-subscriptions is used.
```
104
Load balancing pros and cons (in comparison to clustering), (having on-prem in mind) ?
```
special pros:
●Configurable load balancing
algorithms (round-robin, IP sticky, load-based, etc.)
All cons:
● Requires third-party product
● No data synchronization
● Manage idempotency programmatically
```
105
Identify cluster aware connectors and design consideration for HA
● Socket based
– Receives incoming traffic
– Traffic must be distributed
– Outbound socket based connectors don’t need special consideration
– Example: HTTP
● Resource based
– Cluster automatically manages access to resource so only one clustered
instance can access resource at a time
– Outbound (writing) resource based connector generates unique resources, Examples: File, FTP
– Distributed locking is not supported while writing
106
Identify cluster aware connectors and design consideration for HA: listener based, what happens to incoming traffic?
– Traffic is distributed automatically
– Must decide if the listener should only fire on the primary node or on all nodes
– Examples: VM, JMS
107
what to think about considering Load balancing for HTTP/S connector for customer-hosted runtime plane?
● For customer-hosted Mule runtimes, HTTP requests need to be load balanced through a 3rd-party product
– Traffic must be distributed
– Load balancers is required (Nginx, Apache web server)
– Outbound socket based connector don’t need special consideration
108
whats special about Clustering for VM Connector?
● Messages published to a VM queue in a cluster are automatically load balanced to receiving flows
– Every node in the cluster can execute flows of deployed Mule apps
– The cluster manager automatically determines what node to use based on load
■ Not a deterministic round-robin algorithm
109
what Anypoint MQ message processing pattern are there?
● An Anypoint MQ queue delivers a single message to a single consumer
● An Anypoint MQ exchange provides a way to broadcast a single message to many queues
110
How VM connectors are load balanced in customer-hosted Mule runtimes?
● Then multiple consumers share the VM queue, and messages are automatically load balanced between consumers
● it is as fast as possible, to whichever consumer is first (not round-robin)
111
How VM connectors are load balanced in CloudHub
● In CloudHub, each persistent VM queue is listened on by every CloudHub worker
– But each message is read and processed at least once by only one CloudHub worker, and duplicate processing is possible
– If the CloudHub worker fails, the message can be read by another worker to prevent loss of messages and this can lead to duplicate messaging
– By default, every CloudHub worker's VM Listener receives different messages from the VM queue
112
An org is migrating all its mule apps to RTF. None of the Mule apps use Mule domain projects. Currently all Mule groups have been manually deployed to a server group among several customer hosted
Mule runtimes. Port conflicts between mule deployments are currently managed by the devops who carefully manage prop. Files.
When the Mule apps are migrated to RTF, for the Mule apps need to be
Rewritten and what Devops port config responsibilities change or stay the same?
Wrong!!!!!! Rewrite it after bejoys answer!!!!
enligt Dari:
No, the app does not need to be rewritten.
Devops no longer need to manage ports.
P.s. Although, still,
RTF requires alla apps to listen on port 8081 on host 0.0.0.0
113
Batch vs real-time: när ska man använda vilken?
Batch is the bulk processing of data, typically scheduled or triggered
Without manual intervention: 100M records
Real-time typically Implies a synchronous response (think APIs)
- Synchronous means sending a response for each message received and is only as fast as the slowest step
- Asynchronous, think pub/sub, means when mule receives a message it does not have to send a response and will generally be more performant
114
Non-functional requirements comes from?
Non-functional requirements may exist beyond or outside a user story
– May be invented by industry or other external authorities
– Are constraints on other requirements
■ "Single sign-on is centrally supported by the enterprise LDAP server"
■ "The system must survive Mule runtime restarts"
■ "If the system is offline for 30 seconds, a status page must appear"
● Requires defining failure, "up", "down", time windows, etc.
115
which 4+1 view illustrates end-to-end system functionality?
!!!! Logical view!!!!
Usually defines and documents system, stakeholders, and interfaces, and their relationships
– Major big picture view
– Diagrams show the relationships between systems and stakeholders and
existing relationships and connectivity
116
4+1 architecture, process view is about?
Give more detail of a particular movement of information, usually per use case
● Specifies how SLAs and NFRs are met, including security policies
● Documents both success and failure paths
● Documents human interactions in the business processes
117
Which 4+1 views often use sequence and activity diagrams?
Process view for both
118
Which 4+1 views often use class and state diagrams?
logical view for both
119
how to design mule app for less technical stakeholders to understand easier?
Mule applications can first be designed with API specifications that are easier for less technical stakeholders to understand
– Write, publish, and version APIs in Anypoint Design Center
120
in what format OpenAPI Specification defines rest apis?
yaml or json formats
121
Cert Q.: An organization currently uses a multi-node Mule runtime deployment model within their datacenter, so each Mule runtime hosts several Mule applications. The organization is planning to transition to a deployment model based on Docker containers in a Kubernetes cluster. The organization has already created a standard Docker image containing a Mule runtime and all required dependencies (including a JVM), but excluding the Mule application itself.
What is an expected outcome of this transition to container-based Mule application deployments?
Guaranteed consistency of execution environments across all deployments of a Mule application
122
Cert q: A Mule application uses the Database connector.
What condition can the Mule application automatically adjust to or recover from without needing to restart or redeploy the Mule application?
The database server was unavailable for four hours due to a major outage but is now fully operational
again
123
Cert q: What is a recommended practice when designing an integration Mule 4 application that reads a large XML payload as a stream?
The payload should be dealt with as an XML stream, without converting it to a single Java object
(POJO)
124
load balancing in a cluster only works for flows that start with?
start with vm connect
125
A Mule application name Pub uses a persistence object store. The Pub Mule application is in Cloudhub and configured to use Object Store v2. Another Muleapplication name sub is being developed to retrieve values from the Pub Mule
application persistence object Store and will also be deployed to cloudhub.
What is the most direct way for the Sub Mule application to retrieve values from the Pub Mule
application persistence object store with the least latency?
Use the Object store v2 REST API configured to access the Pub Mule application persistence object
store.
Obs! dont be tempted to think about latency and say wrong answer connector.
https://docs.mulesoft.com/object-store/osv2-faq#can-an-app-deployed-to-cloudhub-access-the-object-store-of-another-cloudhub-app
126
what structure in mule4 contain variables and error message
mule event contain variables and error message. P.s. mule message is inside of mule event on the same level as variables and error message.
127
best way to invoke REST or SOAP services?
An HTTP or Web Service Consumer connector can be used
– But a custom connector can explicitly expose the operations of the web service and simplify some operations, such as authorization and authentication
– A connector automatically generated by Anypoint REST Connect and stored in Anypoint Exchange is also faster and easier to use vs. an HTTP connector
128
how are In connectors are divided in In Anypoint Exchange?
In Anypoint Exchange, connectors are divided up into various categories based on support and distribution rights. p.s. Exchange might include connectors published to the organization's private Anypoint Exchange
129
what feature can convert RAML or OAS REST API to Mule3 or mule4 connector?
– First upload a RAML or OAS REST API file to Anypoint Exchange
– Anypoint Exchange then uses its internal Anypoint REST Connect service to auto-generate two complete Anypoint connectors, one for Mule 3 and one for Mule 4
– The connectors are then available for download from the API asset in Anypoint Exchange
130
what happened to mule 3 Session/record variables in mule 4?
● Session/record variables are removed, and instead each connector passes data over transports as Payload, headers, attachments, etc.
● Variables are now stored and passed around with the Mule event
131
The Mule HTTP connector uses the Grizzly libraries internally. But what selector pools are used by it?
● HTTP Listener has a shared selector pool for all Mule applications deployed to a particular Mule runtime. Listener selectors poll only for request events
● HTTP Requester has a dedicated selector pool for each Mule application. Requester selectors poll only for response events
132
when consider custom connector?
● You should first prefer OOTB components or web services (REST or SOAP) over custom components
● Build custom connectors only when an API or OOTB connector does not support the use case
– First, look in Anypoint Exchange for a specialized pre-built connector (for example SFDC)
– If you don't find one, see if you can connect to the external system with a web service (REST or SOAP)
– Finally, evaluate if it is worth creating a custom connector
133
whats required to get Migrating Mule 3 DevKit custom connectors to work in mule 4?
A DevKit migration tool will support migration of custom Mule 3 connectors build with the Anypoint Connector DevKit
– Will typically also involve some custom coding
134
support and license for Community, MuleSoft Certified , Select connectors?
1) No license
2) Certified:
- Contact the MuleSoft partner that created the MuleSoft Certified connector for support.
3) Select:
● MuleSoft maintains Select Connectors
● Connectors included in the open source Mule distribution can be used by everyone,
however support is only included in an Anypoint Platform subscription
● To use all other Select Connectors and access support, you must have an active
Anypoint Platform subscription.
135
Alex chapter3 q: App doesnt start because of a connector, why?
A failsDeploy attribute can be set to true to throw an exception if the reconnection attempts fail, which prevents the Mule application from starting
All contents © MuleSoft Inc. 56
136
whats dataweave exactly?
DataWeave is a functional programming language to convert input data to new and restructured output data
137
how are dataweave types evaluated and represented?
DataWeave expressions always evaluate to a valid DataWeave type
– Objects: Represented as collection of key-value pairs
– Arrays: Represented as a sequence of comma separated values
– Simple literals: String, Number, Date, Time, DateTime, Boolean
138
what are 5 mule routers?
● Choice
– One route is executed based on conditional logic
– The logic is a DataWeave expression usually based on the inbound Mule event
● Scatter-Gather
– All routes are executed in parallel with copies of the same inbound Mule event
● First Successful
– Each route is executed sequentially until
one is successfully executed
● Round Robin
– One route is executed each time
– The next route is selected by iterating through
a list maintained across executions.
P.s. Each invocation of the Round Robin router is synchronous
● Error handling
– Re-routes event processing to try to handle various errors
139
one example of Mapping error types in Mule components which is not allowed?
For example, cannot map FILE:FILE_NOT_FOUND to HTTP:UNAUTHORIZED
140
Q1310: An org is designing an integration to replicate fin tx data from legacy system o DWH. DWH contain a daily snapshot of fin tx's to be delivered as a CSV file. Daily tx volume > 10M records with significant spikes in volume during popular shopping periods. Whats the most appropriate integratin style?: Microservices, Even driven, Batch-trigged ETL or API-led
Batch-trigged ETL
141
An error handler can only be added to 3 places:?
An error handler can only be added to
– An global error handler (outside of any flows)
– A flow (incl private flow but not subflow)
– A Try scope
142
what special about Mule default error handler?
default behaviour:
– Implicitly and globally handles all messaging errors thrown in Mule applications
– Stops execution of the flow and logs information about the error
– Automatically rethrows the error
– Cannot be configured
143
When On Error Propagate scope happens, and If the erroring flow starts with an HTTP Listener, what status code returned?
5xx response
144
what happens at the end of the error continue scope regarding the flow that threw the error?
■ The rest of the flow that threw the error is not executed
■ The result of the error handler scope is passed up to the next level as if the flow
execution had completed successfully
145
where to place global error handler?
global error handler can be configured in a Configuration global element for the entire Mule application
146
what exactly is mule 4 class loaders isolating for bits and pieces?
Mule 4 uses separate class loaders to isolate the Mule runtime, Mule applications, and modules from each other
147
why Each class loader specifies the packages in app descriptor file?
Each class loader specifies the packages (rather than classes and resources) to export as part of the module's interface
148
4 bits and pieces of Mule 4 class loading?
```
● Artifact class loader
A regular Java class loader pointing to the JAR files included in the extension. This class loader loads all files and classes of the extension.
● Artifact filtering class loader
A wrapper created over the Artifact class loader, which enforces access restrictions to the extension code for foreign artifacts (the app or other plugins). It uses the content of the mule-artifact.json descriptor to determine what is public.
● Extension Code
The Mule extension code. Uses the Artifact class loader (which does not have any restriction), and it is only able to locate resources of the plugin itself.
● Application code
The Mule app code. It uses the Artifact Filtering class loader of the extension to prevent the app from accessing restricted code or resources.
```
https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-runtime/4.3/about-classloading-isolation
149
HTTP Request operation invokes an external API that follows standard HTTP
status code conventions, which causes the HTTP Request operation to return a 4xx status code.
What is a possible cause of this status code response?
The HTTP response cannot be interpreted by the HTTP Request operation of the Mule application after
it was received from the external API
150
q3810: What aspect of logging is only for Mule applications deployed to customer-hosted Mule runtimes
but not for Mule applications deployed to CH?
Seems like its "sharing" answer but Pontus was unsure. Its is possible to log to custom category in CH so its not the answer here. same goes for splunk.
151
q6210: What limits if a particular AP user can discover an asset in Exchange.
Pontus: i would say A and B possible
a) The type of an asset in exchange
b) the business group to which the user belongs
Alex - i read somethere they done some fixings for A
so it should be B
152
Q31010: What is required before an API implemented using the components of AP can be managed and goverened (by applying API policies) on AP?
Pontus tror på B: The API must be published to Exchange and corresponding API instance id must be obtained from API manager to be used In the api implementation.
Alex comment on B: jag valde bort detta för jag tänkte för mkt på ordet "governed" och för lite på "before implemented". Men det är sant, Api instance id uppslag är just i d skedet!
P.s. I though C: The Api must be shared with potential developers through An API portal
so API consumers can interact with the API.
Me: i guess its wrong cause u dont necessary share with devs.
153
Why is reactive programming cool?
● Uses the best ideas from the Observer pattern, the Iterator pattern, and functional programming
● Deals with an ongoing and building event stream
– Rather than one complete, static, all in-memory data collection
● Is an asynchronous, non-blocking, and declarative programming style
– Avoids the "callback hell" brought about by Java's imperative programming approach
● Incorporates handling of back-pressure
– Automatically slows down Mule event producers if event consumers are
being overwhelmed by the rate of events
154
what is scheduler execution service special usecase in mule 4?
● The Mule 4 runtime uses a scheduler execution service to automatically optimize performance
– The Mule 4 runtime provides three types of thread pools for use by the event processors in a Mule application's flows
– The scheduler service assigns each event processor to one of these three thread pools
155
If a Connector listener operation starts a transaction, how long is the transactional scope? to the last transactional component? or end of the flow?
If a Connector listener operation starts a transaction, the transactional scope is for the entire flow
156
whats Connectedness constraint in Rest?
Connectedness
– The server guides the client to change state
– This is done through Hypermedia, and also through headers in the case of HTTP
157
5 constraints of Rest?
```
Addressable resource,
Stateless,
Connectedness,
Uniform interface,
Idempotency
```
158
whats RESTful services typical uniform interface?
In practice, RESTful services always use HTTP as a uniform interface
● Resources are operated on using standard HTTP methods
– Unlike SOAP, this standardizes C.R.U.D operation names in every API
159
How are operations tied to HTTP methods in SOAP?
Unlike REST, operations are not tied to the HTTP method, and can have any arbitrary name
■ All SOAP operations are usually performed via HTTP POST methods
160
Distinguishing between consumable and non-consumable event payloads. which ones can be re-read?
● Mule events can contain consumable or non-consumable payloads
● A consumable payload cannot be re-read, so there is never contention between asynchronous processing of the same Mule event
● Non-consumable payloads can be re-read between threads, so there could be a race condition between threads or flow routes
161
can persistent queue configuration in the Mule configuration files be overriden?
Yes, In order to use persistent queues in CloudHub, when your application has been deployed, it is necessary to tick the 'Persistent Queue'. This 'Persistent Queue' option overrides any configuration done in the Mule configuration files. If enabled, all queues become persistent. If not selected, all queues are set as transient, even if they were configured as persistent in Mule configuration files.
162
whats jms exclusive queue?
– Some JMS providers allow a queue to be configured as an exclusive queue
– An exclusive queues guarantees each message is delivered at least ONCE to
one of the cluster's consumers
– Then message processing is automatically bound to one connected
consumer, called the exclusive consumer
■ This one consumer processes all the queue messages, in order
163
why is it better to set correlation id in the request yourself rather than let the server generate it?
Server-side correlation ID generation suffers from two problems though:
One-way protocols (like JMS) have no direct means of returning the correlation ID back to the client. Another channel could be used but that complicates things.
Unexpected issues can prevent the client from receiving the generated ID even though the request has been accepted and processed on the server.
164
Can Dataweave access external services like webservices for centralised handling of something?
Yes, Chap5:DataWeave can also access other flows, external services, or Java libraries
165
Mulesoft promotes separation of concern, hence removed Mule3 what component?
Expression
| component and Expression transformer
166
Name a few examples why point-to-point schema mappings are difficult to build and to maintain?
■ Applications may create non-standard schema
| ■ Data may be a binary stream
167
whats the difference of using validation component like Validation::isEmail in choice router vs as its own step in a flow?
In the first case case, the operation just returns true/false. in the second case it throws an error
168
what https status codes do you see in APIkit Error Handling Reference?
only 4xx codes in https://docs.mulesoft.com/apikit/4.x/apikit-error-handling-reference
169
what exactly does Mule provide to execute event processors concurrently and/or in parallel?
```
Mule runtime provides various processors
– Scatter-Gather
– Async scope
– VM
– JMS
```
170
what happens if errors occurs in Scatter-Gather?
If any route in Scatter-Gather throws an error
– An error of type MULE:COMPOSITE_ROUTING is thrown
– The error object contains the result (Mule event or error) of every route, organized as successes or failures
– The error object also includes the error from any routes that timed out
– !!!Obs!!! Event processing does not continue with the next event processor in the flow
– Instead, the flows error handlers process the error as they would any other error type
171
Whats impacted by errors inside Async scope?
Errors inside the Async scope's event processors do not impact the main flow
– And do not use the outer flows error handler
– Use a Try scope inside the Async scope to customize error handling
– Otherwise the default error handler is used
172
why vm's publish-consume can not be used to implement concurrent processing?
The publish-consume operation wait for the message to be processed on the other end and providing the response. The operation is otherwise exactly the same as publish.
173
insights are not available for what?
Not for PCE! here https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-manager/insight. P.s. not even for RTF but for hybrid and CH
174
fault tolerance vs CIDR vs workers vs amount of ip's ?
So, if fault tolerance is needed at the region level, you need to find out the number of AZs in that region. For example, for the Frankfurt Region, we’ve got three AZs, then there would be three workers for a fault tolerant app in the region, and that is three IPs for an app.
175
Calculating CIDR, Additional IP for zero downtime deployment(50%) means
multiplying with 0.5 amount of ips i got for that environment!
176
Considering deciding the best runtime plane to use based on organizational business goals, BEST for "Time to market" and for "Minimize IT operations effort" is?
cloudhub
177
Considering deciding the best runtime plane to use based on organizational business goals, WORST for "Time to market" and WORST for "Minimize IT operations effort" is?
Pivotal Cloud Foundry
178
Considering deciding the best runtime plane to use based on organizational business goals, whats better for "Minimize IT operations effort", Fabric or CustomerHosted?
Fabric is better
179
when do you need external Hazelcast server?
to support clustering in RTF or PCF
180
Runtime tuning support in RTF or PCF?
Not supported in RTF and through Template control
| in PCF
181
Flexibility to deploy across providers?
Easy except GCP not supported for RTF. more work for PCE or Customerhosted. For PCF its N/A
182
Persistent queues support in different runtime planes?
Its supported for Cloudhub and CustomerHosted/PCE but "Only in a cluster" for RTF/PCF
183
Exercise step solution: Deciding deployment options based on the type of control plane, chap7, what are the NOs for 1) Scheduling 2) Dashboard and Alerts 3) Enhanced logging
1)NO scheduling only for RTF 2) No Dashboard and Alerts for RTF and PCF 3) No for all except Cloudhub
184
what doesnt require DevOps with expert capability in K8s and Docker?
Customer-hosted runtimes in RTF or on-prem solution do not required DevOps with expert capability in K8s and Docker
185
what are client management per organization options?
Anypoint platform supports one IdP for client management per organization (but there can be multiple orgs in the same holding or in AP - business group)
– PingFederate
– OpenAM
– OpenID Connect Dynamic Client Registration (OIDC DCR) compliant identity providers
186
One external idP can be integrated with the Anypoint Platform organization, but whats still enforced inside Anypoint Platform?
One external idP can instead be integrated with the Anypoint Platform organization
– Roles and access control are still enforced inside Anypoint Platform
187
Hiding the DLB hostnames typically done in 2 ways:?
● A DLB's DNS entries are A records and are maintained by MuleSoft
● Customers can define their own "vanity domain names" as CNAMEs (for those A records) in their own DNS servers
188
What is an effective way for the project team responsible for the Mule applications and APIs being built to communicate with these stakeholders using Anypoint Platform and its supplied toolset?
A set of integration Mule applications, some of which expose APIs, are being created to enable a new business process. Various stakeholders may be impacted by this. These stakeholders are a combination of SEMI-TECHNICAL users (who understand basic integration terminology and concepts such as JSON and XML) and TECHNICALLY skilled potential consumers of the Mule applications and APIs.
What is an effective way for the project team responsible for the Mule applications and APIs being built to communicate with these stakeholders using Anypoint Platform and its supplied toolset?
A. Create Anypoint Exchange entries with pages elaborating the integration design, including API notebooks (where applicable) to help the stakeholders understand and interact with the Mule applications and APIs at various levels oftechnical depth
https://vceguide.com/what-is-an-effective-way-for-the-project-team-responsible-for-the-mule-applications-and-apis-being-built-to-communicate-with-these-stakeholders-using-anypoint-platform-and-its-supplied-toolset/
189
What 4+1 view ... document concurrency, distribution, integrators, performance, and scalability of systems and processes... But STILL skipping implementation details?
The 4+1 process view illustrates the runtime behavior of systems
● Give more detail of a particular movement of information, usually per use case
● Specifies how SLAs and NFRs are met, including security policies
● Documents both success and failure paths
● Documents human interactions in the business processes
...
● Activity diagrams illustrate communication across swimlanes at a more technical level, while still skipping implementation details
– Swimlanes visually partition ownership by person, group, system, or sub-system
– Document concurrency, distribution, integrators, performance, and scalability of systems and processes
190
ftps vs sftp pros/cons? file connector?
Common for ftps and sftp: both have On New or Updated File, Copy, delete
FTPS (FTP/SSL) is a name used to provide a number of ways that FTP software can perform secure file transfers.
– Pros: Provides services for server-to-server file transfer
SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) is typically used with the SSH-2 protocol (TCP port 22) to provide secure file transfer.
Cons: No server-to-server copy and recursive directory removal operations
191
internal and implicit scheduling strategy is present in what connector operations?
● Some connector operations use an internal and implicit scheduling strategy to
trigger a flow, such as
– Database: On Table Row
– File, FTP, SFTP: On New or Updated File
192
chap3: what you may NOT find in Anypoint Exchange when logged in as particular organization user via studio?
– Might (or might not) include connectors published to the organization's private Anypoint Exchange
193
what dictates what to do when connectivity fails?
Many connectors can configure a reconnection strategy
● Connectivity tests run when the Mule application starts, then periodically while the Mule application runs
● The reconnection strategy dictates what to do when connectivity fails
● can be: none, standard, forever.
● have frequency and reconnection attempts
194
whats declared in dw script header? input or output?
The output type of a DataWeave expression is declared in a header
195
what error types can there be?
The error type must be
– A core MULE error type (with no namespace) ■ Example: SECURITY (note MULE:SECURITY)
– A custom namespace
■ Example: MYAPP:BAD_DATE
196
what error handler is used and what happens when these errors occurs? Examples
• The Mule runtime has errors while starting up, like running out of memory
• If the connection for a Database connector goes offline or the network disconnects
• The system error handler
– Logs the error
– If the error was caused by a connection failure, the connector's reconnection strategy is executed
• These system errors are not caught by any flow or Try scope's
error scopes, nor by any configured global error handlers
197
Kräver INGEN DevOps containerization capability men mest mest jobb för it operations?
PCF
198
Every Mule application is provided a default object store instance. whats special about it?
– This is automatically selected as the default object store for Mule components that use an object store
– This object store is automatically configured as a persistent object store
199
CH8. Using Multiple CloudHub workers and DISABLED persistent queus in CH ARM, then toggling "OSv2" checkbox what 3 options of Objectstore totally suck and one totally rock?
Object Store type defined in Mule app as Persistent and "OSv2" enabled rocks! OSv2 enabled and transient OS in mule code sucks as much as either options w/o "OSv2" enabled in CH ARM Gui.
The reason is:
● A non-persistent object store does not use the OSv2 service
– The object store is implemented locally in each CloudHub worker
– Data is isolated within each CloudHub worker
200
ch8: vad är skillnad i slides mellan tabellen om köer och tabellen om OS?
Jo, när det är OSv2 påslagen och persistent queue avslagen i CH, då slår d ut 100% positivt för kod-konfade persistenta OS och lika 100% negativt för kod-konfade persistenta köer.
201
whats are some examples of similarities and differences between OS versions in Cloudhub?
● Both versions can be used in a Mule application using the Object Store connector, when the Mule application is deployed to CloudHub
– Mule 3 applications can also be configured to use OSv2
– Mule 4 applications can ONLY use the Anypoint Object Store v2 (OSv2)
● OSv2 also has a REST API for external applications to share object store data. But not Osv1?
202
how can i used object store in a cluster but w/o domain?
Depending where an object store is defined, it may be accessible with other Mule applications
– An object store defined as a Mule domain's global element can be shared between Mule applications in that Mule domain
– An object store defined as a Mule application's global element cannot be shared with other Mule applications
203
whats Api proxy typical usage?
Api proxy aka "autogenerated proxies" typical usage: Either when you want to leverage API Gateway capabilities and your backend API is not based on Mule Runtime, or when your API is based on Mule Runtime but you are unable to define the corresponding Autodiscovery element because it is a closed code.
204
Alex own tips: how do you point p public CloudHub load balancer to mule app or worker? my point is you dont need api proxy in CH.
The public CloudHub load balancer already redirects these requests, where myApp is the name of the Mule application deployment to CloudHub:
HTTP requests to http://myApp.cloudhub.io redirects to mule-worker-myApp.cloudhub.io:8081
HTTPS traffic to https://myApp.cloudhub.io:443 redirects to https://mule-worker-myApp.cloudhub.io:8082
205
What are 2 way to connect to CH app described here?
| https://help.mulesoft.com/s/article/HTTPS-communication-to-Cloudhub-applications
2 ways to access
1) https://APPLICATION_NAME.cloudhub.io
When accessing the CloudHub application using this link, the SSL handshaking is between the client(application or browser) and Cloudhub load balancer. Cloudhub public certificate is used. The 2nd part of the communication, between CloudHub's load balancer and the CloudHub worker, is also HTTPS, but CloudHub's load balancer does NOT validate the worker's certificate.
2)When accessing the CloudHub application using this link, the SSL handshaking is between the client(application or browser) and Cloudhub worker directly. The client side must be configured to trust the certificate used by the CloudHub worker.
In this case, if CloudHub updates its certificate, since CloudHub's load balancer is not part of the communication, the client application is not affected. However, if the CloudHub application changes its certificate, the client application needs to make sure the new certificate is trusted by its trust store.
P.s. there seems to be nothing called pass-thru certificate.
206
vart ligger brandväggen?
Brandväggen ligger i VPC, mer konkret framför workers lasbalanserare (DLB) pratar med workers via brandväggen.
Do I need to pass a weird port number(8091) every time a call my API in VPC? You DON’T need to. While calling your application running inside VPC, you will always hit it on 443(default HTTPS port). The mapping from 443 to 8091 or 8092 is done at load balancer level(internally).
207
what firewale rules can be needed when using DLB or SLB
https://integralzone.com/what-is-anypoint-vpc-virtual-private-cloud/
- On VPC creation, four firewall rules are added, two for SLB which open ports 8081(for HTTP) & 8082(for HTTPS) and two for DLB which open ports 8091(for HTTP) & 8092(for HTTPS).
- By default, workers in VPC are accessible to MuleSoft’s SLB. A customer organization has to explicitly request a DLB if it wants to use one and remove the access from SLB for more security. This can be achieved simply by removing SLB rules from VPC firewall(Block 8081 and 8082).
208
Do i need version control system if i have Exchange?
Anypoint Exchange is a central repository for various types of assets
It is a Maven compatible artifact repository
– Is NOT intended as a replacement for a full version control system
209
What happens when scatter-gather merges results ?
If every route succeeds
– Variables of all routes are combined into vars
● Overlapping variables become arrays
– Every route’s Mule message is gathered into a single payload
● Each route’s index is the key
– The gathered Mule event payload contains each route's result
● Access each route's result payload from the array #[payload..payload]
210
name one risk of using maxConcurrency
maxConcurrency interferes with the
back pressure behavior built into Mule runtime
211
How do you know if a component support repeatable stream?
Every component in Mule that returns an InputStream or a
Streamable collection supports repeatable streams
212
whats the relationship between batch step Aggregator Size and Streaming ?
Aggregator Size and Streaming are mutually exclusive. P.s. Aggregator Size can be configured to collect a fixed number of records
213
what is payload after batch job completes?
Execution of a batch job instance creates a
BatchJobResult object
– Summary report for a batch job instance
– Does not include any of the actual processed
records or data
● Payload after the completion of a batch job is a
BatchJobResult object
TODO: so where is actual processed records of data then?
214
what is cloudhub 1.0 vs 2.0 port mapping difference?
in CH 2.0 "shared space" port 443 maps 8081 unlike CH 1.0 "shared VPC" where 443 maps to 8082 and 80 maps to 8081
215
2023 Persistent Object Stores and persistent VM queues are both available in CloudHub 1.0 but what about CH 2.0 ?
Only persistent Object Stores are supported in CloudHub 2.0
● Persistent queueing is available via Anypoint MQ service
216
2023 1. file store directories for each deployment model? CH 1,CH2, Customer-Hosted? 2. file store stuff is lost when?
1. CH1: /tmp and /opt/storage. CH2: /tmp. CustomerH: /tmp or /other-on-yourdisk. 2. CH1-CH2 storage (seen as ephermeral): cleaned during provision. Customer H - upon reboot.
217
2023 what are State management alternatives in customer-hosted (AND PROVISIONED, not RTF) runtime planes ?
1. non-clustered or clustered w performance profile: basically nothing shared
2. clustered w reliable profile and IN-MEMORY: hazelcast replicated jvm-heap. Same for persistent or non-persistent
3. clustered w reliable profile and Hazelcast backed by JDBC DB. Same for persistent or non-persistent
Ref.chap8
218
2023 what are State management alternatives in customer-hosted (RTF) runtime planes ?
1.non-clustered or clustered w performance profile: basically nothing shared
2. non-clustered & persistent profile: basically nothing shared but persistent gateway is an extra component in the picture.
3.clustered w reliable profile and NO persistent gateway: Hazelcast replicated JVM Heap. Same for persistent or non-persistent. Best!
4.clustered w reliable profile and persistent gateway: same as 3 but non-persisted jvm heap not replicated. (Not intutitiv)
Ref.chap8
219
2023 what are State management alternatives in CloudHub 1.0 ?
1. OSv2 AND NO persistent queues: nothing shared although OSv2 w rest api is there to use. ec2 local disk is used.
2. OSv2 and persistent queues enabled: jvm heap still not shared but persistent queue service does help for both transient and persistent queues.
220
2023 what are State management alternatives in CloudHub 2.0 ?
1. non-clustered and no OSv2: no fun
2. non-clustered and OSv2: still not much fun
3. clustered and no OSv2: JVM Heap hazelcast replicated for queues and object stores. Best!
4. clustered and OSv2: JVM Heap hazelcast replicated for queues but NOT object stores. (Not intuitiv)
221
Whats Mapped Diagnostic Context (MDC) ?
1. Mapped Diagnostic Context (MDC) enriches logging and improves tracking by providing more context or information ..
2. processor and event MDC entries are logged BY DEFAULT !!!
3. Requires (words default & requires are opposite no?)
– Installing Mule Tracing module
– Changing the pattern layouts in the log4j2.xml file to MDC
222
what happens with Mule apps log4j2.xml when deployed to CH by default?
By default, CloudHub replaces a Mule application's log4j2.xml file with a CloudHub-provided log4j2.xml file (obs, i wonder if it ignores overlapping Asyncloggers and just adds whats missing or completely replaces it). These levels can be overriden in ARM logging tab ofcourse
223
Regarding (medium-cool) Platinum subscription, whats least expected to be included within monitoring
Api functional monitoring
224
is it possible to get anypoint monitoring for on-prem?
yes, first: Download and install
the Anypoint Monitoring agent. second: Monitoring agent sends monitoring data to the Anypoint Monitoring. P.s. this is different from RTF where By default, all applications are enabled for Anypoint Monitoring
225
The Anypoint Monitoring can be visualized where?
Can also be visualized graphically in the Application Network or via Anypoint Visualizer
226
what can we say about alerts from Anypoint montiroing, Api manager alerts, ARM alerts
A.Monitoring alerts are distinct from API Manager alerts and Runtime Manager alerts
227
Whats "Log points"
a feature below Log search that i was using at Coloplast
- Configures log level for supported connectors used within a Mule
application
- Configure log message content for API instances
228
Whats "Custom Metrics" ?
Anypoint Custom Metrics connector can generate metrics from a flow (Titanium feature)
– Can be added anywhere in the flow
– Set lists of dimensions (Strings) and facts (Numbers) that can be used in the custom dashboard or queried in build-in dashboards
– Is an alternative to using the Logger component to visualize certain business
metrics alongside other monitoring metrics
229
Is it possible to monitor non-mule or external APIs using Anypoint Functional Monitoring?
yes
230
whats the shortest functional monitoring execution interval from public locations (us-east-1, etc) vs private ?
Public: Shortest execution interval 15 minutes (non-Titanium) Cron (Titanium). Private: 5 minutes (non-Titanium) Cron (Titanium)
231
How can you create functional monitors?
Create functional monitors from UI or upload
functional monitors that are created using external
text editor
– Written in BDD (Behavior Driven Development)
syntax
Supports multiple endpoints and assertions
in a monitor
232
Where can u find link to Api Analytics?
In Api Admistration, clicking on Api version and then to the right (dark grey area), under "view Api in Exchange" u can find "View analytics dashboard"
233
2023 Whats "Exchange Mule Maven Plugin" ?
Chap 10 doc says "Must use the Exchange Mule Maven Plugin explicitly for deployment to Exchange"
234
What can Anypoint Platform APIs help with except CI/CD?
basic metrics
● Can provide basic metrics
– # of APIs, # of vCores allocated, # of Users created, etc.
● Composed metrics are created out of basic metrics
– # of APIs by type and business group, vCores used vs. available (%), # of
active users, etc.
● Can obtain KPIs from one or multiple metrics or composed metrics, but not all metrics are KPIs
– API adoption and projection, platform adoption growth, etc.
235
Whats metrics-accelerator ?
The metrics toolkit (formerly metrics accelerator/framework) is a Mule application intended to collect, aggregate and load platform metrics into different visualization systems; providing out of the box integrations and visualization options, including useful dashboards and charts.
236
howto demarcate (delimit) a transacation in mule?
Demarcate a TX with connectors supporting TX, or in a Try scope
237
whats the logaritmic function/expression of XA transaction?
Communication protocol grows linearly ( O(N) ) with the number of nodes
238
Why do we need TX log under ($MULE_HOME/.mule//queue-tx-log) if its not human readable
The TX log enables the Mule runtime to roll back or restore a TX in case of a hardware failure or Mule application failure
239
What happens if you use ALWAYS_BEGIN and there is an ongoing TX ?
It will raise exception if TX
ongoing. Similar when ALWAYS_JOIN and there is no tx, it will raise exception.
240
if you use reliability pattern where would you place redelivery policy?
A redelivery policy is set on event sources in both the acquisition and
processing flows
* REDELIVERY_EXHAUSTED type errors are handled in both flows
241
2023: whats the difference in Load balancing for JMS connector vs VM ?
Unlike VM, JMS listener’s default behavior is to receive
messages only in the primary node, no matter from what kind
of destination messages are being consumed
242
2023: Can Jms configuration
be change to the primary node = false to receive messages in all the nodes of the cluster?
If consuming from a queue, then yes.
‒ Normal subscriptions where each subscriber will receive a copy of the
published message; if consuming from a topic with a shared subscriptions
mechanism (a mechanism for distributing messages to a set of subscribers
to shared subscription topic), then you’ll want to change the cluster
configuration to consume messages only in the primary node to false
243
Least expected (1 of 3) suggestion when striving for performance enhancement to lower latrency: "Fewer than 100 ms end-to-end latency"
Restrict app communication to specific port
244
whats the timeframe for burstable instances to earn/spend its burst cpu creds?
Burstable instances earn a set rate of CPU credits per hour, depending on the instance size
245
at what % level are cpu creds capped in Cloudhub ?
Cpu is capped at 20% utilization
246
whats the time cycle which autoscaling is based upon? (enterprise license agreement (ELA) customers only)
Scale in response to CPU or Memory usage
thresholds exceeded (30-minute cycle)
247
2023 When does Mule EE supports a Kryo-based alternative to default Java serialization to serialize objects?
Note: Kryo is only used by some components (batch, repeatable streaming) bydefault, but it can be set as the default serializer throughout the Mule application
248
2023 Name one performance suggestions for big payloads?
For large JSON, XML payload types, include indent=false to improve client
parsing and reduce response size
249
Howto externalize mule runtime certificates (customer hosted) ?
Add a certificate folder in the classpath in the wrapper.conf file in /conf
● wrapper.java.classpath.3=%CERT_DIRECTORY%
250
what deployment options support secrets manager?
Currently, Secret Manager is only supported
for customer-hosted Mule runtimes in
Runtime Fabric, API Manager (with an
HTTPS secured API proxy)
251
What is CH 2.0 shared space?
Shared space is an
elastic cloud of
resources that
includes Mule
instances running in
a multi-tenant
environment
– Built on AWS Elastic
Kubernetes service
(EKS)
– One shared space in
each supported
region
252
What are the "onion layers" of MS CH 2.0 "shared space" ?
CH 2.0 AWS cloud have "Shared space" (aka S.S) in region 1 which have VPC which have private subnet which have managed node group of ingress pods and another one of app pods. Pods in VPC in one region talk to the same in another using Network load balancer "NLB" over public internet.
253
What technology is CH2.0 build on?
Built on AWS Elastic Kubernetes
service (EKS)
– Network Load Balancer (NLB),
private VPC containing ingress
controllers and Mule apps
– Applications communicate using
private network addresses
254
Name one disadvantage of VPC peering other than its not supported by CH 2.0 ?
Both AWS and Anypoint VPCs must
be located in the same region
255
Which one of these is supported in CH 2.0? AWS Transit Gateway, VPC Peering, AWS Direct Connect
AWS Transit Gateway
256
what is the name of software required for (EXTERNAL) OAuth 2.0 client management. P.s. at least one such is required. And it must be configured at the organization level before including them
based on environments, business groups, or APIs
It is the identity provider. Anypoint Platform acts as an internal identity provider for non–OAuth 2.0 client management like the Client ID Enforcement policy
257
what are the supported grant types for connected apps?
Anypoint Platform acts as an authorization
server for the connected application and
supports grant types like Client Credentials,
Authorization Code, Password, and JWT Bearer
258
CHAP 15, P 31, where in the GUI is "Configure an API portal in Anypoint Exchange to use an API proxy" ?
TODO
259
what is Anypoint Security?
Anypoint Security is a standalone product deployed outside Mule
runtimes as part of the load balancer and ingress for Runtime
Fabric
260
what are Common processes that use Until Successful include?
Dispatching to outbound endpoints, for example, when calling a remote web service that might have availability issues.
Executing a component method, for example, when executing on a Spring bean that may depend on unreliable resources.
Using a sub-flow to re-execute several actions until they all succeed.
261
where are oauth2 tokens generated by mule oauth provider reside after they are generated?
only in memory and never on disk. see for details https://docs.mulesoft.com/policies/policies-included-oauth-access-token-enforcement
262
can i use docker with all 4 options ? Three K8S and one bare metal?
It seems so due to https://anupamgogoi.medium.com/mulesoft-rtf-a-brief-hands-on-guide-785f046a08c9
and https://help.mulesoft.com/s/article/Configure-Docker-Service-to-Use-a-Proxy-for-RTF-Cluster-Running-on-VMs-and-Bare-Metal
263
whats the difference in secured props setting in CH vs the rest?
For applications deployed to CloudHub workers or hybrid deployments, you can use Runtime Manager to set hidden properties. For applications that you deploy using another deployment option, you must use secure property placeholder files bundled in the deployable application archive file.
264
what happens to secure props that are set in CH through the control plane but are removed later from mule-artefact.json ?
After an application is deployed with safely hidden application properties, CloudHub maintains the security flag for those properties. Even if you edit your application file to remove the secureProperties definitions from your mule-artifact.json file and then upload that edited application file to CloudHub, CloudHub maintains the invisibility of the properties previously flagged as safely hidden.
265
what are the two options for reducing access to properties in CH?
hiding props and encrypting props https://docs.mulesoft.com/cloudhub-1/secure-application-properties
266
2023 so what is jms listener guarantees in a cluster ?
D. Depending on the Listener operation configuration, either all messages are consumed by ONLY the primary cluster node or else EACH message is consumed by ANY ONE cluster node
https://vceguide.com/how-are-the-messages-consumed-by-the-mule-application/
obs. this seems to be due to cluster works in active-active mode
https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-runtime/4.4/mule-high-availability-ha-clusters#cluster-design-and-management
267
where is osv2 in CH if you move worker from one region to another
If after the first deploy, you move the app to a different region, Object Store v2 remains in the original region to avoid data loss. Your use of Object Store v2 never moves from one region to another. When you need to deploy both an app and object store to a different region, delete the app and re-upload the app into the new region. This action loses all the data that may exist in the storage.
https://docs.mulesoft.com/object-store/osv2-faq#is-object-store-v2-persistent-in-the-same-region-as-the-worker
268
whats boarder gateway protocol?
To use Direct Connect, your AWS Direct Connect Partner and the Anypoint VPCs must be located in the same region. Direct Connect gateways are not supported. Direct Connect requires the use of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) for dynamic routing.
For high availability, use multiple Direct Connect connections from different AWS Direct Connect Locations.
https://docs.mulesoft.com/cloudhub-1/vpc-connectivity-methods-concept
269
Whats the relation ship between Event driven architecture and Message Driven architecture
Alex Hyett youtube said they are similar but also a bid different. EDA are about firing and forgetting immutable events using Services and not caring if there is a service listening/waiting for that. While MDA is about Commands just like CQRS is.
MCIA chap 11 part 3 covers SAGA pattern using Events/Choreography and SAGA using Commands/Orchestration. REMEMBER Orchestra = centralization.
270
how many batch phases are there and what are they?
Each time a Batch Job component executes, the following phases take place:
Load and Dispatch Phase: The Batch Job component splits valid input into records and prepares the records for processing. This phase takes place within the Batch Job component.
Process Phase: Mule components and connector operations within one or more Batch Step components in the Batch Job process records within a given batch job instance. Processing within a Batch Aggregator component also occurs in the Process phase.
On Complete Phase: The Batch Job component issues a report object with the result of processing the batch job instance.
https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-runtime/latest/batch-phases
