Mco

Question 1

Name the different chromosome structures

Answer 1

metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric.

Question 2

How do you distinguish between chromosomes- how does mapping relating a gene to a trait

Question 3

What happens during interphase in dresophila?

Question 4

Do genes in one organism match other genes? 13

Question 5

What is cohesin and what is it’s function?

Answer 5

Cohesin holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase when removal of cohesin leads to separation of sister chromatids.

Question 6

What are the five stages of prophase 1

Answer 6

Leptotene , zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis

Question 7

Leptotene

Answer 7

Chromosomes start to condense, homolog pairing , ds DNA breaks are introduced (potential crossing over sites)

Question 8

What occurs during zygotene stage of prophase 1 ?

Answer 8

Synaptonemal complex is formed (synapsis) , bivalents

Question 9

What is the dif between genotype and phenotype?

Question 10

Who is Eric lander?

Answer 10

Geneticist - founding direct —————

Question 11

Who was Gregor Mendel?

Answer 11

Austrian monk, grew peas , author of “experiments in plant hybridisation “ in 1865 , mathematician and biotechnology pioneer

Question 12

Mendel tried what other species?

Answer 12

Bees , aquilegia, dianthus, nicotiana and pisum — peas worked best / easiest to use.

Question 13

What was mendels first law?

Question 14

What is recombination? Meaning

Question 15

Where does “dominance come from?

Answer 15

From mendels first law

Question 16

What are the exceptions to mendels second law?

Question 17

Why is mendels second law not a law?

Answer 17

Too many acceptions

Question 18

What is the chromosome theory?

Answer 18

Unit of heredity

Question 19

What is meant by “1 map unit”?

Question 20

What are the pros and cons of mapping populations?

Answer 20

Pros:
No question of dominance
Immortal lines
Powerful data accumulation
Reproducibility
GxE experiments possible
Inter-mating inbreds, to test genetic models

Cons:
Finite resource

Question 21

What are the two methods for mapping complex traits?

Answer 21

1. Linkage mapping population ( known parents)
2. Association mapping

Question 22

What is a LOD score?

Answer 22

A statistical test for linkage

Question 23

How do you calculate the probability that the D locus is linked to SSR2?

Answer 23

Lecture slide 5

Question 24

When does he eat jumping occur?

Answer 24

Mitosis

Question 25

Who is Lynn Margulis?

Question 26

What is the size of a mitochondrial genome?

Answer 26

Large veriarion - humans 16kb

Question 27

What is the structure of a mitochondrial genome?

Answer 27

Circular

Question 28

Why is the maternal mitochondria inherited and not the fathers?

Answer 28

Head = no mitochondria

Question 29

Who first described maternal inheritance following mitosis?

Answer 29

Carl Corren - one of the 3 that rediscovered Mendel - dif to Mendel and saw as curiosity

Question 30

What happens with chloroplast if the mother is mixed?

Answer 30

3 possibilities

Question 31

What produces Petite colonies

Answer 31

Yeast can and it is due to mutations in a chromosome- predictable ratio

Question 32

What are the two types of mutants?

Answer 32

Segregational and vegetative

Question 33

Vegetative ratio?

Answer 33

No ratio

Question 34

Does yeast inherit mitochondria from both parents

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

What is genomic imprinting?

Answer 35

Igf2m only effected if on male - non Mendelian veriation Unusual - epigenetics

Question 36

what is chromosomal mutation?

Answer 36

changes in the chromosome number large scale --

Question 37

importance of chromosomal mutations?

Answer 37

visualise where chromosome and understand cytological meiosis without a lot of equipment medical molecular evolutionary

Question 38

define: monoploid, diploid, triploid, tetraploid , aneuploid

Question 39

parthenogenesis define:

Answer 39

gametes from mitosis

Question 40

what are the acceptors

Question 41

polyploidy

Answer 41

triploid , tetraploid, hexaploid, octopoid , paleotetraploid

Question 42

what is meant by paleotetraploid?

Answer 42

a genome splits - looks and acts like a diploid now

Question 43

what is meant by pericentric inversion?

Question 44

what is meant by paracentric inversion?

Question 45

what is the purpose of genetic structure?

Question 46

what are the applications of population genetics mapping?

Question 47

genotype frequencies

Question 48

what is the hardy Weinberg principle?

Answer 48

method of investigating the movment of alleles in populations

Question 49

at are the assumptions of a hardy Weinberg principle?

Answer 49

infinitely large population random mating amongst individuals no new mutations, migration or

Question 50

what is directions selection ? graph

Question 51

what is stabilising selection? graph

Question 52

what is disruptive selection? graph

Question 53

what is balancing selection? example?

Answer 53

sickle cell

Question 54

what is genetic drift?

Question 55

what is bottleneck and founder effect? examples?

Answer 55

Black Plague

Question 56

what is the role of separase with cohesin?

Answer 56

separase separates the sister chromatids

Question 57

" epistasis" - who and meaning?

Answer 57

William Bateson Describe different genes that have interaction between them.