MCQ assessment Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Chronic illnesses
A
prolonged; rarely cured; periods of exacerbation and remission
2
Q
chronos
A
passage of time itself
3
Q
growing life expectancy with chronic illness
A
> 60 have 2.2 chronic conditions
4
Q
cardiovascular diseases
A
most cause of disability world wide
5
Q
health is multidimensional
A
state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease
6
Q
disease
A
biological event with diagnosis
7
Q
illness
A
subjective experience
8
Q
Biomedical model
A
by Descartes; body as machine and mechanistic view of illness
9
Q
mechanistic view
A
every disease has bio cause
10
Q
association btw pathophysiology
A
includes psychosocial and environmental factors
11
Q
George Engel
A
understand respond to patients suffering
12
Q
biopsychosocial model
A
Bio -> social -> psycho
13
Q
disability
A
limited physically or mentally
14
Q
medical model of disability
A
disease that can be changed by doctors and specialists
15
Q
social model of disability
A
address barriers socially to help individual
16
Q
WHO of disability
A
both medical and social; biopsychosocial approach
17
Q
impairments
A
loss/abnormality of body/organ structure and function
18
Q
disabilities
A
restriction or lack of ability t perform
19
Q
handicap
A
social consequences of disabilities; disadvantage in the social roles
20
Q
ICIDH definition
A
disease (glaucoma) -> impairment (vision) ->
disability (seeing) -> handicap/disad -> orientation
21
Q
criticism of ICIDH
A
focus on handicap and disability and stigmatizing
22
Q
ICF definition
A
activities (disabilities) and participation (handicap)
23
Q
ICF of functioning disability and health
A
body functions and structures -> activities/participation (capacities) -> environmental factors (barriers)
24
Q
specific symptoms
A
physiological/psychological
25
specific illness
cold, cancer
26
consequence
can't do what used to
27
timeline
how long symptoms last
28
Illness representations
beliefs about their illness impact life
29
Common sense model/self regulation model (leventhal)
how representations guide illness experiences
30
dimensions of illness perceptions
identity, consequence, causes, time line, cure/control
31
identity
signs of symptoms
32
consequence
physical, social, economic consequences of disease
33
cause
perceived cause of disease
34
time lien
time frame for development and duration
35
cure/control
extent of responsiveness to treatment
36
diagnostic labeling
associated with symptom reporting
37
attribution models
a person locating the cause
38
cause of disease
locus, controllability, stability
39
locus
extent the cause is a part of inside or outside person
40
controllability
extent person has control over cause
41
stability
extent to which cause is stable or changeable
42
timeline
acute, cyclical, chronic
43
measuring illness representations
Illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) - measures five dimensions
44
leventhal's self regulatory model of illness behavior
internal and environmental stimuli -> a. representation of problem & b. emotional experience -> a. action plan for problem & b. plan for emotion -> appraisal
45
psychological variables
more mutable than sociodemographic variables
46
Health Belief Model
perceived susceptibility vs perceived benefits -> demographic variables to perceived health threat and evaluation of action -> likelihood of action from cues to action
47
perceived susceptibility example
i have unprotected sex so i could get an STI
48
perceived severity example
getting an STI could have consequences
49
belief in health threat
from perceived susceptibility and severity
50
perceived benefit
i always use condom so no risk of STI
51
perceived barriers
use of condoms reduce enjoyment
52
belief in effectiveness of health behaviour
from perceived benefit and barriers
53
health behavior
from belief of health threat and effectiveness of health behavior
54
cues to action
internal/external
55
protection motivation theory (PMT)
perceived vulnerability x severity x response efficacy
56
social cognitive theory
skinner; gain max reinforcement and minimum punishment
57
social cog. theory continued
based on expectancies of outcome (belief) and self efficacy (confidence)
58
attitude
predict behaviors
59
4 aspects of behavior
specific action; performed to target; in a context; at a given point in time
60
TPB
theory of planned behavior
61
TPB cont.
50% of intention and 20% variance in behavior
62
Change: Social cog. models
continuum
63
nature of change
continuous or stage
64
Classificaion system
category system of stage
65
Transtheoretical Model = stages of change (SOC) model
go through logical series to adopting new behavior
66
stages of change
pre-contemplation; contemplation; preparation; action; maintenance; (termination)
67
helps stages forward
decisional balance (importance a person gives behaviour); self efficacy (confidence); strategies of change (cognitive or behavioural)
68
cognitive processes
consciousness raising (seek new info); dramatic relief (emotion); environmental reevaluation (effects around u); self reevaluation (self); social liberation (noticing social conditions); self liberation (confidence); helping relationships (support)
69
counter conditioning
replacing bad with good
70
reinforcement management
rewards
71
stimulus control
reengineering; avoiding bad stimuli
72
cognitive and behavioural change
cognitive in early stages and behavioural help in later stages
73
SOC (stage of change) model
intuitive appeal; linked to practice; insight into process of change; little about variables; micro level
74
TTM
transtheortetical model
75
preventions
primary = prevent occurrence; secondary = treat in early occurrence; tertiary = contain damage
76
persuasion
effects of exposure to messages from people on attitudes and beliefs of recipients
77
implications of HBM
susceptibility; cons v benefits; cues to change
78
implications of TPB
info of cost v benefits; susceptibility; normative beliefs; increase self efficacy; info + other interventions to bring change
79
SOC implications
allows tailor interventions for each stage of change
80
inputs
source, message, channel, receiver, destination
81
output
11
82
Elaboration likelihood model
the likelihood of creating persuasive communication; determined motivation and ability
83
peripheral route
don't analyse; attractiveness using cues; change is transient and not predictive of behaviour
84
central route
do analyse; pre-existing interest; personal relevance; enduring and predictive
85
high involvement vs low involvement
seek treatment regardless of route vs seek treatment if exposed to high peripheral cues
86
low risk behaviors
use gain frame
87
high risk behaviors
use loss frames; negative consequences
88
presenting risk information
use relative risk not absolute risk; have x% chance
89
emotional appeals
impact on attitudes not actual behavior
90
fear appeals
less impact in real world; can be ineffective
91
adaptive tasks
subjective appraisal; coping with challenge to maintain adequate levels
92
stress-coping paragdigm
how ppl function with disease and live well despite the condition
93
primary appraisal
personal meaning; harm, threat, challenge
94
secondary appraisal
what can i do about it
95
personality variables
hardiness, neuroticism, dispositional optimism
96
situational demands
controllability, resources available, competing demands
97
hardiness
high commitment, internal locus of control
98
controllability
ability to determine outcome; self efficacy; hope
99
coping
cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage demands; changing; dynamic; multidimensional; ongoing process
100
emotion-focused coping
reduce negative emotions; distracting activities like drugs
101
problem focused coping
changing situation; making plan of action
102
billings and moos
active cognition; behavioural coping; avoidance
103
distancing
make efforts to put it out of mind
104
escape-avoidance
escapist; alcohol consumption
105
folkman
modification of coping model
106
meaning-focused coping
cognitive reframing, goal-directed, spiritual comfort; infusion of meaning
107
measuring coping
intra-individual or inter-individual
108
functional status
degree to which an individual can perform socially allocated roles
109
pain
nociception; physiological process; sensory and emotional experience
110
specificty theory
pain receptors - spinal pain pathway to brain - no pain w/o injury
111
episodic analgesia
delayed onset
112
phantom limb pain
pain without limb
113
pain disproportionate to injury
kidney stones
114
psychogenic model of chronic pain
in your head
115
gate control theory
brain can influence info; spinal cord has gate that blocks or allows
116
opening the gate
physical conditions; emotional conditions; cognitive conditions
117
sensory thresholds
lowest level any sensation is detected
