MCQ Questions Flashcards by Debbie Aitken

Exogenous is one type infection, what are the 5 types you might see?

Local - an infection that has not spread.
Systemic - affecting the entire body.
Acute - first diagnosed - first 6mths
chronic - continued presence
Endogenous - arising from an infectious agent already in the body.
Exogenous - arising from a pathogen entering the body from an outside environment.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 5 moments of hand hygiene?

before touching a patient.
before cleaning aseptic procedure.
after body fluid exposure risk.
after touching a patient.
after touching patients surrounding.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are standard precautions?

Will reduce the risk of transmission and is applied to all patients and visitors and staff.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Using standard precautions will help break the chain of transmission. What is the chain of transmission.

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Model of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contact precaution is one type of transmission based precaution. What are the other 3?

Droplet precaution eg - influenza
Airborne precaution eg - measles
Contact precaution eg - MRSA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of standard transmission based precaution will you use a N95 high filtration mask for?

Airborne precautions.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of transmission based precaution users standard base precautions to stop the spread?

All three, contact, droplet and airborne

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is manual handling of a patient?

An activity that requires an individual to life, move, or support a load.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LITE is a way to remember the risk factors when preparing a safe patient handling strategy. What does it stand for?

Load
Individual
Task
Environment.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When selecting equipment to assist with manual handling of a patient, you should consider that allows the patient most ________________ and is the the ____________ for the carers involved.

When selecting equipment to assist with manual handling of a patient, you should consider that allows the patient most independence and is the the safest for the carers involved.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vital signs are important indicators of the body’s response to?

The physical environment and psychological stressors.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the collection of vital signs give the nurse?

Objective information providing evidence of the current function of the body.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the normal range for the temp of the body?

Between 36.5 - 37.7.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Age is one factor that will influence the temp in a person. What are the other 3?

Environment
Hormones
Exercise and stress.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the normal range for pulse in,

a. adult
b. school aged children
c. infant

a. 60-100 beats per a minute.
b. 75-100 beats per a minute.
c. 120-160 beats per a minute.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When assessing the pulse of a patient, you may also feel for the?

Rate and rhythm
Strength and amplitude
tension / elasticity
equality.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the normal range for blood pressure?

120/80
systolic - top number which is the force exerted against an arterial wall.
diastolic - bottom number - atrail pressure during ventricular contraction.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Obesity and medications are 2 factors which may affect blood pressure. What are the other 6?

Age, exercise, stress, gender, diurnal variations, disease process.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

We take vital signs on admission, by order of the doctor or DHB. What might be four more occasions when we need to take vital signs?

During a home visit.
Before and after administration of meds.
When clients general physical condition changes.
Before and after nursing interventions which influence vital signs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is dysrhythmia?

Irregular heart beat, or known as arrhythmia.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pain can be classified through duration. Acute and somatic pain are two of the 7, what are the other 5?

Chronic 
Nocieptive - superficial
Neuropathtic - sensory abnormalities
Visceral - organs
Referred - pain felt at a distance.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is pain?

It is a localised and generalised unpleasant bodily sensation or complex of sensations that can cause mild to severe physical discomfort and emotional distress.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are three steps in the nurses roles when a client is presenting with pain?

To assess the pain.
To implement pain relief strategies.
To evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fear of becoming addicted to medication is one barrier that could affect a person telling you they are in pain. What are four others?

Misconception of pain.
Concern about adverse side effects.
Desire to be a good patient.
Lack of education
Forgetting to take their medication.
Fear of what pain might mean in the progression of their diseases.
Past experiences
Age / personality / environment / knowledge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two way you might access pain?

Focused Pain Assessment tools | Physical examination through collecting the patients vital signs.

What are four focused assessments tools used to collect information on pain?

Numerical pain scale wong baker pain scale PAINAD FLACC

The pulse may often be rapid and shallow if the client is in pain. What else might you notice when collecting vital signs?

Increase in heart rate and blood pressure. | Tense, pale and sweaty.

What does OLDCART stand for when assessing pain?

``` Onset Location Duration Characteristic Aggravating factors Relieving factors Therapies tried ```

What does PQRSTU stand for when assessing pain?

``` Provoking or palliative Quality or quantity region and radiation severity timing understanding ```

What is a model of care in nursing?

A model of care can be used to organise and explain the delivery of care with a specific healthcare setting.

Total Patient Care and Primary Nursing are two types of models of care that are now dated, but have been used. What are three other nursing care models?

Person Centred care Family centred care Te Whare Tapa Wha

The nursing process is to assist a nurse to create a person nursing care plan. What are the 5 interrelated components of this process?

``` Assessment Identification of needs - nursing diagnosis Planning Implemention Evaluation ```

How will having a clear understanding of patterns in lifespan development assist your nursing practice?

It will help the nurse plan, develop and support age appropriate and individualised care.

Sigmund Frued's psychosexual theory, was one of the five theorists we learnt about about. What are the other 4?

Erikson's psychosocial theory Piaget's cognitive development Bronfenbrenner's Ecological theory Vygotsky's sociocultural theory.

Bronfenbrenner suggests that there are 4 systems that are interrelated and influence child's development. The first one is Microsystem, what are the other 3?

Microsystem - all things that have direct contact with child, eg. parents / siblings Mesosystem - interactions between the childen's microsystems eg interactions between parents and teahers. Exosystem - other formal and informal social structures, eg neighbours / friends. Macrosystem - focuses on cultural elements that affect development.

``` Frued's psychosexual stages suggest that a children progress through a series of stages, with each stage focusing on a different body part. What age goes with each stage? Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage Latency Stage Genital Stage ```

Oral Stage 0-1yrs - derive pleasure from oral activities Anal Stage 2-3yrs - potty training Phallic Stage 3-6yrs - attached to opposite sex parent Latency Stage 6yrs - puberty - children interact mostly with same sex pers Genital Stage - Puberty + - Attracted to opposite sex peers.

Piaget believed that cognitive development did not advance at a steady rate, but rather in leaps and bounds. He suggest that equilibrium occurs when a child's schema can deal with most of the information via assimiliation. What is a schema?

Schema describes most the mental and physical actions involved with understanding and knowing. Categories of knowledge help us interpret and understand the world.

Assimiliation is the process of taking in new information into our already exsisting schemas. What is accommodation?

Part of this adaption involves changing or altering our existing schema's in light of new information.

Age, hydration, tauma are factors that will affect the skin integrity. There are 12 factors, what are 5 others?

``` Obesity Smoking Incontinence Sedentary lifestyle Diseases Falls Disorders Surgery Systemic circulation ```

How can a wound be defined?

As the disruption of the integrity and function of tissues in the body or epithelium surface.

A wound can be classified as either acute or?

Chronic - long period

What is wound debridement?

It is the presence of sloughly, necrotic, devitalised tissue on the wound.

Hemostasis Phases is the first phase of wound healing. What are the other 3?

Inflammatory phase Proliferation phase Maturation / remodeling phase

During the hemostasis phase of wound healing, blood vessels constricts. What are two other things that occur in this phase?

1. Clotting factors activate coagulation pathway. | 2. Seals disruption in vessels and acts as tempory

Initial assessment on admission to establish a baseline for the client is one type of nursing assessment. What are three others?

Focused assessment emergency assessment Ongoing / time lapsed assessment

What would the purpose of completing an ongoing / time lapsed assessment?

To compare during home cares and you would preform it during a follow up.

What is a focused assessment?

Is used in response to a specific problem that requires further assessment of a body system.

Assessment involves collecting two types of data, what are they?

Objective and Subjective

What is objective data?

Verifiable data obtained through observation gained fro physical examination and investigations.

What is subjective data?

Provided by the patient or from other unverified observations.

Inspection is the first type of assessment technique when collecting objective data. What are the three others?

Palpation Percussion Auscultation

What are some characteristics of sound when collecting auscultation data from a patient?

Intensity Pitch Duration Quality

What is the difference between a medical and nursing diagnosis?

Medical diagnosis is specific in pathology and focuses on the illness. A nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgement about the individual, family or community to actual or potential health problems.

There are 8 components of a health history assessment. Biographical data and reasons for seeking healthcare are the first two, what are the following six?

``` History of present health concern Past health history family health history review of systems lifestyle and health practices developmental considerations ```

Nurses use physical assessment skills to: Select one or more: a. enhance the nurse patient relationship b. find out about famous people they know c. obtain baseline data d. diagnose their medical condition

Obtain baseline data | enhance the nurse patient relationship

``` The most frequently used assessment technique is Select one: a. auscultation b. inspection c. percussion d. palpation ```

Inspection

True or False. Factors that impact your patients physical status include spiritual needs, culture and functional living status.

True

``` An alert, oriented patient is admitted to the hospital for diagnostic testing. The primary source of information when completing an assessment for this patient is the: Select one: a. An experienced registered nurse b. a family member c. the patient d. the doctor ```

The patient

A nursing student commences the process of data collection from a patient admitted with dehydration. The first step the student should take is the: Select one: a. physical exam b. review of medical records c. discussion with other healthcare team members d. patient interview

Patient interview

The nurse interviews a patient while completing the health history and physical examination. What is the purpose of the assessment in the clinical reasoning cycle? Select one: a. To use patient data to evaluate patient care outcomes b. To obtain data with which to diagnose patient problems c. To teach interventions that relieve health problems d. To help the patient identify realistic outcomes for health problems

To obtain data with which to diagnose patient problems.

``` In performing a physical examination, it is most important for the nurse to use Select one: a. a consistent, systematic approach b. a system related to a nursing model c. a head to toe approach d. the medical systems model ```

A consistent systematic approach.

What is Bradypnea?

Respiratory rate that is below normal range for their age.

What is orthopnea?

The sensation of breathlessness in the lying position which is relieved when sitting or standing up.

What is afebrile?

Free from fever.

The patient is prescribed Ranitdine 150mg syrup. The solution you have contains 15mg in 1ml. You would check and give: a. 7.5ml b. 0.75ml c. 10ml d. 1ml

10ml

What is Erikson's sixth stage of socio emotional development that describes the most important issues dealt with in early adulthood?

Intimacy versus isolation

The following are legal requirements for nurses clincial documentation: a. date, RN signature, Drs signature, patient label, time. b. Yr, signature RN, designation, patient label, time. c. date, Dr signature, designation, patient, label, time. d. date, signature, designation, patient label, time. e. date, time, patient label, dr, patient signature.

d. Date, signature, designation, patient label, time.

The patient is prescribed 7000 units of heparin. The stock available is 5000units per ml. What volume would you draw up? a. 2.0ml b. 1.2ml c. 1.4ml d. 1.5ml

c. 1.4ml

There are nine different routes of administration for drugs. Name five of them?

Oral Sublingually / buccally (between gums and check) Rectum or vagina Orcular (eye) or otic (ear) route Nasal membranes Inhalation / nebulization Cutaneously (local or systemic) Transdermally - delivered through a patch on the skin. Intravenously / intramusculary / intrathecally (spine)

What are the six rights of medication?

``` Right medication - expiry date. Right dose Right client Right route Right time Right documentation ```

What can thought of the seventh right of medication?

``` The clients right, which is there right to: Information refusal careful assessment informed consent safe administration supportive therapy no unnecessary medication ```

There are a number of ways you can name medication. Chemical, generic, trade and structural name are four, apply these to the below medication: Paracetamol-4-acetaminophenol = The name used to identify the drug world wide WHO The brand is Panadol C8H9N02

Paracetamol-4-acetaminophenol = Chemical The name used to identify the drug world wide WHO = Generic name The brand is Panadol = trade name C8H9N02 = structural name

MCQ Questions Flashcards

(72 cards)