MCQ's Flashcards
(52 cards)
Mutation in humans which means they don’t feel pain
SCN9A. Nav 1.7 voltage gated sodium channel mutations in the alpha subunit
newer cox 2 drugs
Less bleeding as GI tract and platelets have mainly COX 1, Less nephrotic, increase risk of MI and stroke
Codeine is less effective in some people
Minimal enzyme in some people
Step 2: weak opioids/ non opioids, NSAID
codeine, opioids, tramadol, nefopram
Step 3: severe pain
Strong opioids; morphine, fentanyl patch (transdermal)
How long can you sedate someone for
2 hours
General anesthetic patients are unconscious which means
Unarousability and loss of protective reflexes, potential for aspiration, obstruction and nerve damage due to prolonged pressure
Steps of GA
induction, secure airway, maintenance, emergencelit
Hyper IgM immunodeficient is a B cell deformity , and mutation sin CD40 mean that
class switching cant occur - where IgM turns into IgG so this cant happen
IgA deficiency is the most common deficiency
1 in 700 caucasions. Its the failure in terminal differentiation of B cells to plasma cells. Individual develop a type 3 deficiency
no Btk = no B cell maturation and no IgG
You require multiple injections of gammaglobulin
pemphigus is a type 2 reaction and is against
against gap junctions
You have autoantibodies again desmoglien 1 and 3
Pemphigoid is against
Hemidesmosomes, prevents binding of epithelial with dermis at the basement membrane
SCID severe combined immunodeficiency
T cell deficiency but affects B cells too
Candida infections are common
defective IL‐2R gene
common in men
Di George
Defiency in your T cells. Wide spread eyes, low set eyes, upper lip shortened, abnormal aorta
MHC II Deficiency
Failure to express MHC II antigens on APC. Lack of CD4 cells
Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema
most common Complement deficiency. Recurrent swelling
Defects in phagocytes that can be fatal
CGD chronic granulatomus disease - phagocytes cant form superoxides. To dx: cant reduce nitroblue tetrazoliium ( ) NBT dye
Leukocytes adhesion deficiency
LAD type 1
LAD type 2
CD18 deficiency
CD15
secondary immunodeficiency
Drugs, nutrition, burns, viruses
Corticoids causes what to blood
Lymphocytopenia
Monocytopenia
Neutrophilia
Chemo: cyclophosphamide
activated in the body, it cross-links DNA to stop cell proliferation and increase apoptosis
Azathioprine
converted to 6-mercaptopurine in the body and then metabolised to thiosinic acid
Pyrimidine
Inhibition of thyidylate synthesis 5fu
