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biochem exam > MCQs > Flashcards

MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

Which functional group you DO NOT see in the picture?
a. Ketone group
b. Hydroxyl group
c. Carboxylic group
d. Phosphate group

A

A and C

( you can see phosphate and hydroxyl group)

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2
Q

which statement about the molecule you see in the picture is correct?
a. this molecule is hexose
b. this molecule is in Fischer projection
c. this molecule is hydrophobic
d. this molecule can be found in blood

A

A, D

D-glucose-1-phosphate can be found in blood. It’s a Haworth projection

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3
Q

which statement about the molecule you see in the picture is correct?
a. It can form disulfide bridge
b. This is branched amino acid
c. It is polar amino acid
d. Primary structure of protein will be built by amino group shown with arrow

A

B

a. is wrong because only Cystein has a thiol group that form a disulfide bond with other Cystein through oxidation.

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4
Q

which statement about the protein structure is correct? a. During denaturation proteins may lose all but primary structure
b. Secondary structure is stabilized by peptide bonds
c. Primary structure is built by glycosidic bonds
d. Quaternary structure is formed by several peptide chains

A

A, D

b. statement is wrong because…
Secondary structure has the α-helix: Stabilized by hydrogen bonds between nearby residues; and
the β-sheet: Stabilized by hydrogen bonds between adjacent segments that
may not be nearby

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5
Q

which of the mentioned group is polar?
a. Hydroxyl group
b. Methyl group
c. Benzole ring
d. Amino group

A

a and d

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6
Q

which statement about enzymes is correct?
a. All proteins have enzymatic functions
b. Several enzymes can form complexes
c. Enzymes can speed up the reaction
d. Enzymes are made of monosaccharides

A

B and C
a- statement:
Proteins serve a variety of functions within cells. Some are involved in structural support and movement, others in enzymatic activity.

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7
Q

Properties of functional groups: amines. Select correct statement (s)
a) Amines pH can be reach to 2 alone.
b) The amine nitrogen atom can also be part of a ring to form a heterocycle.
c) Amides are different than peptide bonds
d) They are proton acceptors.

A

b and d.

c. statement:
carbonyl compounds that contain a nitrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon. Also known as a peptide bond in amino acid cases.

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8
Q

which statement about hydrolases is correct?
a. The enzymes use water for condensation reaction
b. In the result of this reaction one product is formed
c. Enzymes of this class are found only in digestive tract d. Peptidases belong to this enzyme class

A

A and D

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9
Q

Which statement about enzyme activity is correct?
a. Metal ions always act as enzyme inhibitor
b. It is positively correlated with enzyme concentration c. Denaturation will lead to loss of enzyme activity
d. Fever (39 C) causes irreversible denaturation of proteins

A

C

About a-statement: metal ions can act as an activator and as an inhibitor

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10
Q

Which statement about absolute enzyme substrate specificity is correct?
a. One enzyme can catalyze only one group of macronutrients
b. All glycosidases have absolute specificity in digestive enzyme
c. There are no enzymes with absolute specificity in digestive enzyme
d. One enzyme can catalyze reaction only with one molecule

A

d. One enzyme can catalyze reaction only with one molecule

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11
Q

which statement about Km is correct?
a. It describes maximal speed of reaction
b. It shows the distance molecule can travel in the body
c. It describes the energy exchange in reaction
d. It describes the affinity to the substrate

A

d. It describes the affinity to the substrate

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12
Q

Which statement about proteolytic cleavage is correct?
a. It is typical for activation of amylase
b. Activation always includes removal of oligopeptides
c. It ensures activation of adrenalin
d. Proteolytic cleavage for digestion enzymes is caused by metal ion

A

b. Activation always includes removal of oligopeptides

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13
Q

Which statement about competitive inhibitor is correct?
a. High concentration of inhibitor can eliminate the bonding of substrate
b. Substrate competes with the inhibitor for the allosteric site
c. Usually the inhibitor is not similar to substrate molecule
d. Inhibitor can bind also to an enzyme-substrate complex

A

High concentration of inhibitor can eliminate the bonding of substrate

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14
Q

Allosteric regulation can be described as:
a. Effector binds at active site
b. Effector binds at a site other than the active site
c. Effector binding does not result in conformational change of an enzyme
d. Usually effector binds to enzyme non-covalently

A

B. Effector binds at a site other than the active site

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15
Q

which statement about digestion is correct?
a. DNA and RNA cannot be digested
b. Most monomers of nutrients are produces in intestine
c. Optimal pH for all digestive enzymes is around 7
d. Water molecule is used only for digestion of fats

A

B
about a-statement:
Pancreatic enzymes ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease break down RNA and DNA, respectively, into smaller nucleic acids.

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16
Q

Which statement about digestion of carbohydrates is correct?
a. Isomaltase cleaves alpha 1-6 bonds
b. Carbohydrate digestion occur in all parts of gastrointestinal tract
c. Amylase can digest inulin
d. Glucoamylase breaks down sucrose

A

B Carbohydrate digestion occur in all parts of gastrointestinal tract

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17
Q

which statement about phospholipases is correct?
a. It releases monoacylglyceride as the product
b. It acts on easter bonds
c. It breaks down glycerophospholipids
d. It acts on phosphodiester bond

A

A B C

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18
Q

Which statement about carboxypeptidases is correct?
a. These enzymes cleave from N terminus
b. Theses enzymes are found in gastric juice
c. These enzymes are synthesized in the small intestine
d. They belong to exo- peptidase

A

D

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19
Q

Which statement about bile is correct?
a. It emulsifies the lipid molecules
b. It cleaves easter bonds
c. It helps to absorb fat soluble vitamins
d. Its main component is free cholester

A

a and c

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20
Q

Which statement about lactose intolerance is correct?
a. It is inability to metabolize fats found in cheese
b. It is inability to metabolize galactose
c. It is caused by lack of lactate dehydrogenase
d. It is caused by lack of enzyme activity in intestines

A

D

C- statement: Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that the body uses during the process of turning sugar into energy for your cells to use.

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21
Q

which statement about glycolysis is correct?

a. All reactions of glycolysis are irreversible except three which are reversible
b. Net gain of energy in glycolysis from one glucose molecule is 20 ATP molecules
c. Mg2+ is an important cofactor for phosphoryl group transfer for kinases
d. Enzyme glucokinase performs same reaction as hexokinase

A

C and D

B: net gain 7 ATP
D: In liver the glucose will be phosphorylated by glucokinase to glucose 6 phosphate.

In muscle glucose will be phosphorylated by hexokinase to glucose 6 phosphate.

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22
Q

Which statement about anaerobic glycolysis is correct?
a. Erythrocytes can’t undergo it, as oxygen in cell is always present
b. The end product of this metabolic process is lactose
c. It is most common way of energy supply in obesity
d. It ensures the continuous synthesis of ATP in glycolysis

A

D

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23
Q

which statement about ethanol fermentation in human is correct?
a. The end product is lactose b. All statements are wrong
c. It is part of normal metabolism in humans
d. It creates 7 ATP molecules from 1 glucose molecule

A

B!!!
a: end product is LACTIC ACID
c: normal for yeast, normal for alcoholic, perhaps
d: Alcoholic fermentation converts one mole of glucose into two moles of ethanol and two moles of carbon dioxide, producing two moles of ATP in the process. Sucrose is a sugar composed of a glucose linked to a fructose.

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24
Q

Which statement about oxidative decarboxylation is correct?
a. CoA is released during this reaction
b. FADH2 is leaving the enzyme complex
c. This reaction uses energy d. The substrate for this process is pyruvate

A

D

B: NADH+ +H+ is a leaving enzyme complex

25
Q

Which statement about citric acid cycle is correct?
a. FADH2 is most abundant coenzyme in CAC
b. During one CAC 20 ATP molecules are produced
c. CAC is used just for carbohydrate catabolism
d. CAC is the common metabolic pathway for all nutrient classes

A

B and D

a: 6 NADH and 2FADH in the CAC

About D: One glucose in a CAC yields 20 ATP but total cellular respiration (glycolysis, oxidative decarboxylation, and CAC) -> 30-32 ATPs are produced

26
Q

Which statement about electron transport chain is correct?
a. It produces H2O
b. Intermembrane space is negatively charged when compared to matrix
c. It is located on the inner mitochondrial membrane
d. Mg+ ensures electron transport through complexes

A

A and C

D: B2 plays a role in the ETC

27
Q

Which statement about oxidative stress is correct?
a. Free radicals primarily are produced during anaerobic glycolysis
b. Most exogenous antioxidants can be found in red meat
c. Creatine is endogenous antioxidant
d. Catalase eliminates hydrogen peroxide

A

D

Catalases: decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
Peroxidase: decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water.

28
Q

Which statement about malate aspartate shuttle is correct?
a. No energy is used for released during this transfer b. It translocates electrons produced in cytosol across the inner mitochondrial membrane
c. Cofactors released in pentose phosphate pathway can use this shuttle
d. Electrons to be shuttled are taken up by glutamate in cytosol

A

A and B

29
Q

Which statement about gluconeogenesis is correct? a. It can be started by lactate and glycerol
b. It is mostly necessary to ensure fuel for liver
c. It takes place mainly in the liver and to lesser extent kidneys
d. Energy is released during the metabolic process

A

A and C

30
Q

Which statement about glycogen is correct?
a. Glycogen branching enzyme ensure formation of alpha 1-4 bonds
b. Highest cellular concentration of it is in myocytes
c. GTP is used to activate glucose molecules
d. It is polysaccharide made from glucose molecules

A

D

B: liver has higher [c]

31
Q

Which statement about pentose phosphate pathway is correct?
a. During oxidative phase NADPH+H+ is produces
b. During non-oxidative phase NADH+H+ is produced
c. During oxidative phase glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate is produced
d. Pentose phosphate pathway occur in liver cells

A

A

D: reaction happens in rapidly dividing cells:
active liver cells, skin cells, cells in the gastrointestinal
tract and blood cells in the bone marrow

32
Q

Which statement about fructose metabolism is correct?
a. Full oxidation of fructose creates less energy than glucose
b. Phosphofructokinase is the regulatory enzyme of fructolysis
c. Fructose primarily is used as energy by muscle cells
d. Fructose can be converted in glucose using intermediates from fructose metabolism

A

D

33
Q

which statement about galactose metabolism is correct?
a. Galactose can be used by any cell in human body
b. It will be active after consumption of dairy products
c. Galactose usually is incorporated in glycogen
d. Galactokinase forms glucose-6 phosphate

A

A and C

34
Q

Which statement about glycogen synthase deficiency is correct?
a. It will stimulate the formation of proteins instead
b. It will result in high blood glucose levels after the meal
c. It will lead to increased glucose concentration in feces
d. It will result in enlargement of liver cells

A

D

35
Q

Which lipids can not be synthesized by human body?
a. Saturated fatty acids
b. Sphingophospholipids
c. Omega-3 fatty acids
d. galactolipids

A

C and D

D: Galactolipid synthesis in chloroplast inner envelope is essential for proper thylakoid biogenesis, photosynthesis, and embryogenesis.
So if you’re a flower then yes.

36
Q

which statement about glycerol catabolism is correct?
a. Net gain of energy in glycerol catabolism is negative
b. It leads to formation of intermediate of glycolysis
c. It will more pronounced during starvation
d. It leads to formation of triacylglycerides

A

BCD

37
Q

which statement about carnitine-acylcarnitine shuttle is correct?
a. It is proton pump for fatty acids
b. It works as an antiport system
c. It ensures transport of electrons
d. Disturbance of shuttle cause obesity

A

D

38
Q

Which statement about oxidation of fatty acids is correct?
a. Beta oxidation can be done only to even count carbon fatty acid chains
b. In order to be metabolized in beta oxidation, fatty acids need to be activated
c. 8 carbon fatty acid chain would need 4 beta oxidation rounds to cut is completely
d. Alpha oxidation is linked to malate aspartate shuttle

A

D

39
Q

Which statement about fatty acid biosynthesis is correct?
a. The body activates synthesis of fatty acids in starvation
b. NADPH+H+ is the product of the process
c. Usually, the end product is palmitic acid
d. Each malonyl coA donates two carbons for fatty acid

A

C and D

Malonyl-CoA is added to the acetyl group and decarboxylated to form a four-carbon β-keto chain. From here, the fatty acid chain is elongated through a series of dehydration and reduction reactions, which use NADPH as a reducing agent. The final product is palmitate, a C-16 molecule

40
Q

Which statement about ketone bodies is correct?
a. Ketone bodies primarily are used by brain and muscles
b. Ketone bodies are synthesized from acetyl coA formed from glucose
c. Ketone bodies are synthesized when protein in diet is low
d. Ketogenesis is a pathological process in humans

A

A

B: Ketone bodies are synthesized as an alternative source of energy when intracellular glucose concentration cannot meet metabolic demands.

41
Q

which statement about cholesterol biosynthesis is correct?
a. NADPH+H+ is used in synthesis as reducing coenzyme
b. The most parts of body’s needs of essential by food
c. Cholesterol is mainly used to store the energy in the cells
d. It is synthesized in the cytosol, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum

A

A and D

42
Q

which statement about lipid transport is correct?
a. Richest in TAGs is chylomicrons
b. Free fatty acids are transported with albumin
c. The lower the HDL concentration, the better
d. VLDL transports cholesterol from periphery to liver

A

A

D: HDL play an important role in reverse cholesterol transport (transport of cholesterol back to the liver).

43
Q

Which statement about lipid transport is correct?
a. Richest in TAGs is chylomicrons
b. Free fatty acids are transported with albumin
c. The lower the HDL concentration, the better
d. VLDL transports cholesterol from periphery to liver

A

A and B

One of the functions of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is binding and transport of fatty acids.

44
Q

Which statement about acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency is correct?
a. Hyperactivity is typically symptom for this condition
b. Treatment should include diet rich in fats
c. Process of beta oxidation will be affected
d. It will result of weight gain

A

C

An acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats into energy

45
Q

Which statement about transamination is correct?
a. Transamination of alanine in liver release pyruvate
b. Transamination is performed exclusively in mitochondria
c. It occurs in every cell in the human body
d. Most common acceptor of amino group is glycine

A

A

46
Q

Which statement about deamination is correct?
a. It is the final step of the degradation of any amino acid
b. One of the end products is glutamine
c. One of the end products is ammonia
d. It takes place only in liver

A

A and C

B: Ammonia is firstly transported in
to bloodstream as glutamine
(acts as a temporary storage of nitrogen)

D: takes place primarily in liver

47
Q

which statement about urea cycle is correct?
a. One of the end products is ammonium
b. It is energy consuming metabolic process
c. Primarily is takes place in kidney cells
d. It is the first step of amino acid degradation

A

B

A: Ammonium and alpha-ketoglutarate are the end products of deamination
Urea (ornithin) cycle’s end product is urea which goes to Kidney and becomes urine.

48
Q

Which statement about ammonium is correct?
a. It would be found in blood in higher amount in case of liver malfunction
b. To reduce the toxicity, it incorporated in glutamine
c. Ammonium is acidic and lower the blood pH level
d. Most of the ammonium is excreted directly with urine

A

A and B

D: approximately 50% of ammonia generated by the kidney is excreted in the urine and approximately 50% returns to the renal vein

49
Q

Which statement about adrenalin is correct?
a. It is produced from amino acid tyrosine
b. Its primary role is to indicate inflammation
c. It is produces in hypothalamus
d. Is has pure water solubility

A

A

50
Q

Which statement about heme is correct?
a. Heme breakdown product in feces is urobilin
b. Excess bilirubin in blood causes jaundice
c. Heme group is a part of cytochromes
d. Heme in urine is pathological component

A

abcd

51
Q

Which statement about creatine is correct?
a. It derived from lipids
b. It is used in fatty acid transport over membrane
c. It is necessary to store ATP energy
d. Its only source is food

A

C

52
Q

which statement about B6 deficiency is correct?
a. Mostly it will affect CH metabolism
b. Mostly it will affect protein metabolism
c. It would not affect core metabolism
d. Mostly it will affect lipid metabolism

A

B

53
Q

Which symptoms of B2 and B3 vitamin deficiencies are similar?
a. Both are precursors of energy rich cofactor
b. Both are fat soluble vitamins
c. These vitamins replace each other in metabolic process
d. They have very similar biochemical formula

A

A

Hydrogenation= A reaction that involves Addition of hydrogen. B2 & 3
Dehydrogenation is the chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen,
usually from an organic molecule B2 & B3 , (B1)

54
Q

Which statement about eicosanoids is correct?
a. Most NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) influence creation of them
b. These molecules are like endocrine hormones
c. These molecules are involved in creating pain sensation
d. Theses molecules amino acid derived hormones

A

A and C

55
Q

Which statement about glucagon direct effects is correct?
a. It stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver
b. It stimulates glycolysis in muscles
c. It stimulates glycolysis in liver
d. It stimulates gluconeogenesis in muscles

A

A

56
Q

Which statement about aerobic energy system is correct?
a. primarily it is seen in type II (fast twitch) muscle fibers
b. It is dominant through short maximal exercise
c. its capacity depends on activity of enzymes in CAC
d. It uses CH as the only energy source

A

C

57
Q

Which statement about insulin resistance is correct? a. insulin resistance impair expression of GLUT4
b. insulin resistance is only for muscle tissue
c. one of the causes is intramolecular accumulation of TAGs
d. it is treated with insulin shots

A

A and D, (c?)

58
Q

Which statement about cancer is correct?
a. polymorphism of transport proteins may increase the risk of cancer
b. lactate stimulates angiogenesis around cancer c. consumption of vegetables increases the risk of cancer
d. cancer can be cause by external factors

A

A, B, and D

biochem exam (1 decks)

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