mcqs Flashcards by Sara Sarfraz

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

calor
ruber
tumor
dolor
functio laesa

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true or false? a localised collection of pus within an organ or tissues is called an Abscess

A. True
B. False

true

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During the inflammatory response, what do mast cells release?

A. Chemicals
B. Histamine
C. Toxins
D. None of the above

histamines

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Causes of necrosis includes

A. Injury
B. Cancer
C. Infection
D. All of the above

all the above

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What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called?

A. Adenoma
B. Lipoma
C. Fibrosarcoma
D. Adenocarcinoma

lipoma

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What does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to?

A. The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumour cells

B. Severe weight loss and cachexia associated with advanced cancer

C. The decreased resistance to infection resulting from malignant tumours

D. The effects of multiple metastatic tumours

A. The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumour cell

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The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with:

A. Exposure to promotors causing dysplasia

B. Development of defective genes

C. An irreversible change in the cell DNA

D. A single exposure to a known risk factor causing temporary cell damage

An irreversible change in the cell DNA

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Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include

A. Albumin and fibrinogen
B. Pyrogens and cell enzymes
C. Macrophages and neutrophils
D. Histamine and prostaglandins

D. Histamine and prostaglandins

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Edema or tissue swelling associated with inflammation results directly from

A. Increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment

B. Increased phagocytes in the affected area

C. Decreased capillary permeability

D. General vasoconstriction

A. Increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment

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During an inflammatory response erythema is caused by

A. Vasodilation in the area

B. Increased capillary permeability

C. Irritation of sensory nerve endings by histamine

D. Increased leukocytes in the area

A. Vasodilation in the area

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Which is the best description of granulation tissue

A. Multiple layers of collagen fibres and epithelial cells

B. Several layers of new epithelial cells

C. White fibrous tissue

D. Fibroblast and vascular endothelial cells

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In the process of necrosis, a reduction in the size of the nucleus and a condensation of nuclear material is known as:

A. Pyknosis
B. Karyolysis
C. Karyorrhexis
D. Metachromasia
E. Hypochromasia

Pyknosis

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The most common underlying cause of fat emboli syndrome is:

A. Diabetes mellitus

B. Enzymatic fat necrosis

C. Fractures of long bones

D. Trauma of subcutaneous soft tissue

E. Steatosis

C. Fractures of long bones

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Psammoma bodies are seen in which neoplasm?

A. Astrocytoma
B. Meningioma
C. Glioblastoma multiforme
D. Craniopharyngioma
E. Chordoma

Meningioma

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Enzymatic necrosis affecting the pancreas is called:

A. Coagulative necrosis
B. Liquefactive necrosis
C. Fat necrosis
D. Caseous necrosis
E. Fibrinoid necrosis

B. Liquefactive necrosis

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Urethral obstruction of long standing due to prostatic enlargement leads to which of the following changes in the urinary bladder muscularis?

A. Atrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Hypertrophy
E. Metaplasia

Hypertrophy

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Haemorrhagic infarction characteristically occurs in the:

A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Myocardium
E. Pancreas

lung

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A major cause of pain in foci of acute inflammation is

A. Bradykinin
B. Complement
C. Histamine
D. Hydrogen peroxide
E. Superoxide

Bradykinin

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The term cancer refers to

A. Dysplasia
B, Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Malignant neoplasm

D. Malignant neoplasm

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The erythema associated with acute inflammation is the result of:

A. Dilation of blood vessels
B. Edema of interstitial tissue
C. Margination of leukocytes
D. Precipitation of fibrin
E. Thrombosis of blood vessels

A. Dilation of blood vessels

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Give examples of granulomatous inflammation

A. TB, chronic, cervicitis and colitis
B. Duodenal ulcer and histoplasma
C. Pericarditis, TB and peritonitis
D. TB, histoplasma and coccidodes

D. TB, histoplasma and coccidodes

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True or false? Tuberculoma (TB abscess) is a type of purulent inflammation

A. True
B. False

false

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What is chronic inflammation?

A. Is a slower longer process of acute inflammation
B. Autoimmune response to pathogen in the body
C. The cause of many diseases in the body
D. All of the above

all of the above

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Apoptosis is classified as

A. Programmed cell death
B. Non-programmed cell death
C. Accidental cell death
D. Mitotic cell death

A. Programmed cell death

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What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called? A. Carcinomas B. Sarcomas C. Melanomas D. Fibromas

Sarcomas

What is the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites called? A. Invasiveness B. Seeding C. Metastasis D. Systemic effect

Metastasis

Malignant brain tumour: A. Metastasize quickly to all parts of the body B. Spread first to lungs and bone C. Spread to other parts of CNS D. Do not metastasize anywhere at any time

C. Spread to other parts of CNS

The inflammatory process is caused by A. Phagocytosis of foreign material B. Local vasodilation C. Any tissue injury D. Formation of purulent exudate

C. Any tissue injury

Scar tissue consists primarily of A. Granulation tissue B. Epithelial cells C. Collagen fibres D. New capillaries and smooth muscle fibre

C. Collagen fibres

The number of neutrophils are increased significantly A. During allergic reactions B. During chronic inflammation C. To produce antibodies D. In order to increase phagocytosis

D. In order to increase phagocytosis

The process of phagocytosis involves the A. Ingestion of foreign material or cell debris by leukocytes B. Shift of fluid and protein out of capillaries C. Formation of a fibrin mesh around the infected area D. Movement of erythrocytes through the capillary wall

A. Ingestion of foreign material or cell debris by leukocytes

Most pulmonary thrombosis originates from: A. Deep long veins B. Inferior vena cava C. Pelvic D. Portal vein

A. Deep long veins

The underlying tissue damage in most cases of haemorrhagic infarction of the lungs is: A. Caseous necrosis B. Coagulation necrosis C. Fibrinoid necrosis D. Gangrenous necrosis E. Liquefaction necrosis

B. Coagulation necrosis

Of the following, the earliest step in the formation of a thrombus is visually A. Activation of thrombus B. Development of fibrin plugs C. Endothelial injury D. Margination of leukocytes E. Trapping of red cells

C. Endothelial injury

Parasitic infestations typically provoke: A. Leukopenia B. Neutrophilia C. Eosinophilia D. Lymphocytosis E. Lymphopenia

Eosinophilia

Urethral obstruction of long standing leads to which of the following pathological changes in the kidneys? A. Atrophy B. Dysplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Hypertrophy E. Metaplasia

Atrophy

When a left ventricular mural thrombus develops, infarction may result in all of the following EXCEPT: A. Cerebrum B. Kidneys C. Lungs D. Small intestine E. Spleen

lungs

Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumour and its marker: A. Colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) B. Hepatic cancer: CA125 C. Prostate cancer: human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) D. Testicular cancer: Philadelphia chromosome

A. Colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

Hypertrophy of the heart would be related to: A. An increase in size of the individual cells B. An increase in the number of cells in an area C. Replacement of normal cells by a different type of cells D. A decrease in the size of individual cells

A. An increase in size of the individual cells

A tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape and show increase mitotic figures would be called: A. Metaplasia B. Atrophy C. Dysplasia D. Hypertrophy

Dysplasia

which are the earliest manifestation of cellular damage: A. functional disorders B. biochemical lesions C. light microscope changes D. (…)structural changes

biochemical lesions

the main factors in the pathogenesis of the cellular water content disturbances are: A. increase permeability of the cell membrane B. Disorders in the oxidation processes C. Disturbances in the colloid complex pressure in the cell D. Formation of free radicals in the cell

B. Disorders in the oxidation processes

which pathological condition is least likely to lead to the formation of a thrombus: A. damaged to the endothelium B. Blood stasis C. Anticoagulant therapy D. Increased blood clotting

C. Anticoagulant therapy

in which of the following pathological processes does a myocardial infarction develop: A. Acute relative ischemia B. Chronic venous hyperaemia in the coronary circulation C. Chronic relative ischemia in the myocardium D. Acute absolute ischemia in the myocardium

D. Acute absolute ischemia in the myocardium

The following cell types may be present in the exudate of serious inflammation without one: A. Lymphocytes B. Neutrophilic leukocytes C. Macrophages D. Epithelial cells from mucus membranes

D. Epithelial cells from mucus membranes

6, Choose which are the main cyto logical signs for cellular atypism? A. polymorphism B. Polychromasia C. Atypical mitosis D. Nuclear (multiple) polymorphism

A. polymorphism B. Polychromasia D. Nuclear (multiple) polymorphism

Peritoneum metastases are particular characteristics of which of the following malignant epithelial tumours: A. Large intestine B. The Kidneys C. The pancreas/ovaries D. The liver

C. The pancreas/ovaries

Tumours of the APUD systems are typical for? A. thyroid gland B. Pancreas C. Appendix D. Pituitary gland

Pancreas

which stains are used to demonstrate mucous production by the cells of and other adenocarcinomas: A. PAS B. Alcian blue C. Van gieson D. Mucicarmine

Mucicarmine

Asbestosis plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of which of the following tumors: A. Carcinoma of the lung B. pleural mesothelioma C. mesothelioma of the peritoneum D. Carcinoma of the larynx

Pleural mesothelioma

Which of the listed histological types of neoplasms develop in the digestive system: A. Adenocarcinomas B. Undifferentiated carcinoma C. Papillary cystadenoma carcinoma D. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Adenocarcinomas

Reactions mediated by T cells (type IV) are carried out: A. By circulating immune complexes B. By cytotoxic antibodies, binding and activating the complement system C. By cytotoxic T lymphocytes which specifically lyse target cells through direct contact with them D. From activated macrophages acquiring cytotoxic properties.

D. From activated macrophages acquiring cytotoxic properties.

Children affected by agammaglobulinemia (Bruton's syndrome) develop the following diseases: A. Recurrent infections from pyogenic microorganisms (pyoderma, pharyngitis, inflammation of the middle ear and accessory cavities of the nose) B. Brain tumors and meningitis C. Pneumonia with empyema D. Purulent meningitis

A. Recurrent infections from pyogenic microorganisms (pyoderma, pharyngitis, inflammation of the middle ear and accessory cavities of the nose)

What are the types of hypertrophy: A. Physiological B. Pathological C. Primary D. Pseudo

A. Physiological B. Pathological

what is the process in which keratinization occurs on a section of the stratified epithelium of the buccal mucosa: A. Necrosis B. Inflammation C. Metaplasia D. Hemodynamic disorder

Metaplasia

What is the histological accommodation: A. Transformation of one cell type into another B. Inflammatory process C. A state in which the physical parameters of the cells change D. Pathological metaplasia

A state in which the physical parameters of the cells chan

What is contained in the cytoplasm of renal carcinomas cells, which appear optically empty when stained with hematoxylin-eosin. A. Mucopolysaccharides B. Glycogen C. Mucins D. Lipids

glycogen

Abscess is not observed in which of the listed granulomas: A. Tularemia B. Rheumatism C. Actinomycosis D. Tuberculosis

Rheumatism

The following granulomas are allergic except one: A. Periarteritis nodosa B. Lipogranuloma C. Temporal arteritis D. Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Which is not a characteristic of tuberculous granuloma: A. Caseous necrosis B. Infiltration with T Lymphocytes C. Epithelioid cells D. Lack of vessels

Lack of vessels

mcqs Flashcards

(60 cards)