MDA Flashcards
(216 cards)
1
Q
carp/o
A
wrist bones
2
Q
cis/o
A
cut
3
Q
cost/o
A
rib
4
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
5
Q
dactyl/o
A
fingers, toes
6
Q
duct/o
A
lead, carry
7
Q
flex/o
A
bend
8
Q
furc/o
A
branching
9
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
10
Q
immun/o
A
protection
11
Q
mort/o
A
death
12
Q
nat/i
A
birth
13
Q
norm/o
A
rule, order
14
Q
ox/o
A
oxygen
15
Q
pub/o
A
pubis
16
Q
seps/o
A
infection
17
Q
somn/o
A
sleep
18
Q
son/o
A
sound
19
Q
tens/o
A
force, strain, stretch
20
Q
the/o
A
put, place
21
Q
top/o
A
place, position, location
22
Q
tox/o
A
poison
23
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
24
Q
supra-
A
above, upper
25
syn-
sym-
together, with
26
tachy-
fast
e.g. tachypnea, rapid breathing
27
eu-
good, normal
e.g. euphoria, euthyroid (normal thyroid function)
28
hemi-
half
29
ex-
outside
30
in-
not
e.g. insomniac
31
infra-
beneath, under
32
mal-
bad
33
meta-
change, beyond
e.g. metacarpal, metastasis
34
neo-
new
e.g. neoplasm
35
pan-
all
e.g. pancytopenia (deficiency of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes
36
para-
abnormal, beside, near
e.g. paralysis, parathyroid gland
37
per-
through
e.g. percutaneous
38
pro-
pros-
before, forward
e.g. prodromal, prolapse (lapse: slide, sag, fall)
39
a-
an-
no, not, without
e.g. apnea, anoxia
40
ab-
away from
e.g. abductor
41
ad-
toward
e.g. adductor
42
ana-
up, again, apart
43
ante-
before, forward
e.g. anteflexion
44
brady-
slow
e.g. bradycardia (pulse of less than 60. Tachycardia: more than 100
45
con-
with, together
e.g. congenital, connective
46
contra-
against, opposite
e.g. contraindication, contralateral
47
de-
down, lack of
e.g. dehydration
48
dia-
through, complete
e.g. diameter, dialysis (lysis:separation. waste materials are separated from the blood via a machine)
49
dys-
abnormal, difficult, painful
e.g. dyspnea, dysentery, dystrophy, dysplasia
50
ec-
out, outside
51
endo-
in, within
e.g. endocardium, endoscope
52
-crine
secrete
53
-drome
run
54
-iasis
-osis
disease
55
-fusion
come together, to pour
56
-lysis
breakdown, destrcution, separation
57
-gen
substance that produces
58
-lapse
slide, fall, sag
59
-meter
measure
60
-mission
send
61
-or
one who
62
-partum
birth, labor
63
-phoria
bear, carry, feeling
64
-physis
grow
65
-plasia
formation, development
66
-pnea
breathing
67
-ptom
happening, occurance
68
-stasis
stopping, controlling
69
gingiv/o
gums
e.g. gingivitis
70
gloss/o
lingu/o
tongue
71
Ile/o
ileum
e.g. ileitis, ileostomy, ileocecal sphincter
72
jejun/o
jejunum
73
labi/o
lips
74
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
e.g. submandibular
75
odont/o
tooth
e.g. orthodontist, periodontist, endodontist
76
or/o
mouth
77
palat/o
palate (roof of mouth)
78
peritone/o
peritoneum
e.g. peritonitis
79
an/o
anus
80
bucc/o
cheek
e.g. buccal mucosa
81
cec/o
cecum (a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.)
e.g. cecal
82
celi/o
belly, abdomen
e.g. celiac
83
cheil/o
lip
e.g. cheilosis
84
chol/e
bil/i
gall, bile
85
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
e.g. cholecystectomy
chol/e: gall, bile
86
choledoch/o
common bile duct
e.g. choledochotomy
87
dent/i
odont/o
tooth
88
enter/o
intestines, usually small intestine
e.g. enterocolitis
89
proct/o
anus and rectum
e.g. proctologist
90
pylor/o
pyloric sphincter
e.g. pyloroplasty
91
rect/o
rectum
e.g. rectocele
92
sialaden/o
salivary gland
e.g. sialadenitis
93
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
e.g. sigmoidoscopy
94
stomat/o
mouth
e.g. stomatitis
95
uvul/o
uvula
e.g. uvulectomy
96
amyl/o
starch
e.g. amylase
97
bil/i
gall, bile
e.g. biliary
98
ilirubin/o
bilirubin (bile pigment)
e.g. hyperbilirubinemia
99
chol/e
gall, bile
e.g. cholelithiasis
100
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
e.g. achlorhydria
101
lith/o
stone
e.g. lithogenesis
102
py/o
pus
e.g. pyorrhea
103
sial/o
saliva, salivary
e.g. sialolith
104
steat/o
fat
e.g. steatorrhea
105
-ase
enzyme
e.g. lipase
106
-chezia
defecation, elimination of wastes
e.g. hematochezia (blood in feces)
107
-iasis
abnormal condition
e.g. choledocholithiasis
108
-prandial
meal
e.g. postprandial
109
-ectasis
-ectasia
dilation, widening
e.g. caliectasis (calyx)
110
-emesis
vomiting
e.g. hematemesis
111
-pepsia
digestion
e.g. dyspepsia
112
-phagia
-eating, swallowing
e.g. polyphagia (excessive appetite and uncontrolled eating), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
113
-plasty
surgical repair
e.g. abdominoplasty
114
-ptysis
spitting
e.g. hemoptysis
115
-rrhage
-rrhagia
bursting forth (of blood)
e.g. hemorrhage (loss of a large amount of blood in short period), gastrorrhagia
116
-rrhaphy
suture (stitches)
e.g.herniorrhaphy (aka hernioplasty) repair of a hernia
117
-stenosis
narrowing, tightening
e.g. meatal stenosis (narrowing of the opening of urethra to the outside of the body)
118
-tresia
opening
e.g. atresia (absence of a normal opening)
119
ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
120
borborygmi
borborygmus
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointestinal tract.
121
dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
122
eructation
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. Belching, burping.
123
flatus
Gas expelled through the anus
124
hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright blood from the rectum
125
melena
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
126
steatorrhea
Fat in the feces
127
aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
128
dental caries
tooth decay, dental plaque.
129
herpetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.
130
oral leukoplakia
White plaques of patches on the mucosa of the mouth.
131
periodontal disease
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.
132
achalasia
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.
133
esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor of the esophagus.
134
Esophageal varices
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
135
gastric cancer
Malignant tumor of the stomach.
136
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
137
peptic ulcer
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
138
anal fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
139
colonic polyps
Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
140
colorectal cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
141
Crohn disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
142
diverticulosis
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon
143
dysentery
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
144
hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region
145
ileus
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.
146
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.
147
intussusception
A segment of the bowel collapses into the opening of another segment.
148
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines.
149
ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.
150
volvulus
Twisting of the intestine on itself
151
cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
152
cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
153
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Liver cancer
154
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
155
Viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
156
Amino acids
Small building blocks of proteins
157
Appendix
Blind pouch hanging from the cecum
158
Bile
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in gallbladder. Emulsifies large fat gobules.
159
Bilirubin
Pigment released by the liver in bile
160
Cecum
First part of the large intestine
161
Colon
Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments
162
Common bile duct
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
163
Dentin
Primary material found in teeth. Covered by the enamel in the crown and protective layer of cementum in the root
164
Duodenum
First part of the small intestine. 12 inch long
165
Emulsification
Breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules. Increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat
166
Enamel
Hard, outermost layer of a tooth
167
Esophagus
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso-: inward, phag/o: swallowing
168
Fatty acids
Substances produced when fats are digested
169
Gallbladder
Small sac under the liver. Stores bile.
170
Ileum
Third part of the small intestine.
171
Incisor
Any one of four front teeth
172
Insulin
Produced by pancreas. Helps transport sugar into body cells.
173
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestine.
174
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme to digest fats
175
Liver
Secrets bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins, destroys worn out red blood cells; filters out toxins.
176
LES; lower esophageal sphincter
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.
177
Mastication
Chewing
178
Palate
Roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate. Supported by the upper jawbone. Soft palate lies between mouth and throat.
179
Papillae
Small projections on the tongue. Taste buds.
180
Parotid gland
Salivary gland within the cheek, anterior to the ear. par-: near, ot/o: ear
181
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. Moves the contents through
182
Pharynx
Throat. Common passageway for food and air.
183
Portal vein
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.
184
Protease
Enzyme that digest protein
185
Pulp
Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
186
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. Pyloros: gatekeeper
187
Pylorus
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum.
188
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
189
Salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
190
Sigmoid colon
Lower S-shaped segment of colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
191
Sphincter
Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening.
192
Uvula
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.
193
ante cibum
before meals
v.s. post cibum
194
bifurcation
The division of something into two branches or parts.
195
congenital
Present from birth.
196
contraindication
Anything (including a symptom or medical condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful.
e.g. sensitivity or allergy to medication, pregnancy, lactation, renal disease, hepatic disease.
197
contralateral
Relating to the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs.
198
dialysis
A type of treatment that helps your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to.
199
dysentery
An infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea containing blood or mucus.
200
dysplasia
The abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ.
201
dystrophy
A disorder in which an organ or tissue of the body wastes away.
202
exophthalmos
The protrusion of one or both eyes anteriorly out of the orbit due to an increase in orbital contents within the rigid bony orbit.
203
infracostal
Under the ribs
204
intravenous
Existing or taking place within, or administered into, a vein or veins.
205
malaise
A general feeling of discomfort, illness, or uneasiness whose exact cause is difficult to identify.
206
pancytopenia
A condition in which a person's body has too few red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
207
percutaneous
Made, done, or effected through the skin.
208
polymorphonuclear
A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma.
209
postmortem
After death.
210
prodrome
An early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness.
211
prolapse
When the muscles and ligaments supporting a woman's pelvic organs weaken, the pelvic organs can drop lower in the pelvis, creating a bulge in the vagina
212
recombinant DNA
DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
213
remission
A diminution of the seriousness or intensity of disease or pain; a temporary recovery.
214
symbiosis
Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
215
symphysis
The process of growing together.
216
transurethral
(of a medical procedure) performed via the urethra.
