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MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY Flashcards

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1
Q

both the past and the study of the past

A

HISTORY

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2
Q

History is derived from Greek word ______, meaning _______ or ______ or ______.

A

historia
inquiry
knowledge from inquiry
judge

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3
Q

equivalent latin word for history

A

Scientia

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4
Q

“the past of mankind”

A

HISTORY

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5
Q

Science which first investigates and then records in their causal relations and developments such as past human events

A

History

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6
Q

History is
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Definite in time
  2. Social in nature
  3. Socially significant
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7
Q

3 concepts of history

A

HISTORY-ACTIVITY
HISTORY-AS-RECORD
HISTORY-AS-HISTORIOGRAPHY

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8
Q

Why study history?

A

So that we wont be deprived to comprehend about the past. Also, we will be able to examine the past which will tell us a great deal about how we came to be who we are. Additionally, for us to acquire lessons of history/the past.

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9
Q
  • the imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived by that process is called
  • the writing of history
A

HISTORIOGRAPHY

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10
Q

They endeavor to reconstruct as much of the past of mankind as he can

A

HISTORIANS

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11
Q

Enumerate the School of Thoughts

A
  1. POSITIVISM (NO DOCS, NO HISTORY)
  2. POST-COLONIALISM
  3. ANNALES SCHOOL OF HISTORY
  4. PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY
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12
Q

-school of thought that emerged between 18th and 19th cent.
- requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that particular knowledge is true
-NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY

A

POSITIVISM

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13
Q

-school of thought that emerged in the early 20th cent. when formerly colonized nation grappled with the idea of creating their identities and understanding their societies against the shadows of their colonial past

A

POSTCOLONIALISM

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14
Q

TWIO THINGS IN WRITING HISTORY

A
  1. to tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity, free from that of colonial discourse and knowledge
  2. to criticize the methods, effects and idea of colonialism
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15
Q

school of history born in France that challenged the canons of history.

A

Annales School of History

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16
Q

4 Annales scholars

A

Lucien Febvre
Marc Bloch
Fernand Braudel
Jacques Le Goff

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17
Q

Annales thinkers married history with other disciplines like

A

geography
anthropology
archeology
linguistics

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18
Q

school of thought that underwent several changes since the precolonial period untik the present

A

PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY

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19
Q

He introduced the new guiding philosophy for writing amd teaching history: Pantayong Pananaw (for-us-from-us perspective)

A

Zeus Salazar

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20
Q

this perspective highlights the importance of fascilitating an internal conversation and discourse among Filipinos about our own history, using the language that is understood by everyone

A

Pantayong Pananaw (for-us-from-us perspective)

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21
Q

the process of critically examining and analyzing the records records amd survivals of the past

A

HISTORICAL METHOD

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22
Q

intention of acquiring detached and truthful knowledge independent of one’s personal actions
- has independent existence outside of the human mind

A

Objective

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23
Q
  • inferior to objective knowledge
  • based upom personal considerations, may either be untrue or biased
A

Subjective

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24
Q

2 sources of history

A

PRIMARY SOURCES AND SECONDARY SOURCES

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25
an object from the past or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to create their own depiction of the past
Sources/ historical sources
26
according brundage, it is the tangible remains of the past
Sources/Historical sources
27
If the materials are archaelogical, epigraphical, or numismastical materials, historians must depend largely on
MUSEUMS
28
If materials are official records, historians may search for them in
ARCHIVES, COURTHOUSES, GOVERNMENT LIB.
29
If materials are private papers not available in official collections, historians may look among the
papers of business houses, rooms of old houses, prized possesions of autography collectors, record of parish churches
30
a document or physical object object which was written or created during the time under study
PRIMARY SOURCES
31
4 CATEGORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES
Written sources Oral Testimonies Artifacts Images
32
-Interprets and analyzes primary sources. -these sources are 1 more steps removed from the event
SECONDARY SOURCES
33
Differentiate Primary Sources from Secondary Sources
Primary source is the testimony of the one who/that was present at the events he or it tell while Secondary source is produced by a contemporary of the events it narrates. Secondary souces need not to be original.
34
5 qualities of an Original Source
1. Contains fresh and creative ideas 2. Not translated from the languages in which it was first written 3. It is in its earliest, unpolished stage 4. Its text is approved text, unmodified and untampered 5. Earliest available source of the information it provides
35
PRIMARY OR SECONDARY autobiographies
PRIMARY
36
diaries, personal letters, corrsepomdence
PRIMARY
37
Indexes and abstracts
SECONDARY
38
Interviews, surveys and fieldwork
PRIMARY
39
History Books
SECONDARY
40
Literature reviews
SECONDARY
41
Photographs, drawings, posters
PRIMARY
42
Birth certificates, Property deeds, trial transcript
PRIMARY
43
Dictionaries
SECONDARY
44
encyclopedia and atlas
SECONDARY
45
Commentaries and treatises
SECONDARY
46
magazines, books, and newspaper, ads published at the time
PRIMARY
47
textbooks
SECONDARY
48
- raw materials out of which history may be writtem -objects, other that words that the historian can study -they are the results of events such as manuscript, ruin, other archaelogical or anthropological remains
ARTIFACTS
49
What can be derived from artifacts
Historical Truths
50
written source of historical infos as contrasted with oral testimony or with artifacts, pictorial survivals, archaelogical remains
DOCUMENT
51
reserved for only official and state papers such as treaties, laws, grants, deeds
DOCUMENT
52
any process of proof based upon any kind source whether written, oral, pictorial, and archaelogical
DOCUMENTATION
53
an account of individual experience which reveals the individual's actions as human agent and as a. participant in social life
Human document
54
any self-revealing record that intentionally/unintentionally tields info regarding the structure, dynamic and functioning of the author's mental life.
PERSONAL DOCUMENT
55
2 important archaelogical undertakings in the Philippines (before 1926)
(1) ALFRED MARCHE (1881). Worked in Marinduque and explored other sites in central Philippines. most of his collections were surface finds. FEODOR JAGOR. Reported having encountered a priest in Naga, Camarines Sur who collected artifacts from Ancient Graveyards. (2) between 1922 and 1925. CARL GUTHE. Collected Chinese ceramics exported to the Philippines from China that would aid in the reconstruction of Philippine-Chinese relationship.
56
the result of the pioneering work of Henry O. Beyer
From 1926 to the outbreak of the 2nd World War
57
He worked on the Post-war excavations in Masbate island from 1951-1953
Wilhelm Solheim II
58
Both worked in the National Museum of the Philippines who undertook excavations in the caves of Cagraray, Albay, and Sorsogon
Robert Fox amd Alfredo Evangelista
59
The first extensive post-war archaelogical work
Calatagan diggings
60
In 1963-1964, he assisted the National Museum conducted excavations in Kulaman Plateau
Marcelito Maceda
61
Marcelito Maceda
recovered a number of limestone burial jars
62
He reported in 1966 the presence of limestone burial jars in several caves located north of Kulaman Plateau while doing ethnographic work
Samuel Briones
63
He carried out archaelogical research in Sanga-Sanga Tawi-Tawi
Alexander Spochr (1967)
64
He returned to Ifugao to document the dates the scholars gave to the rices terraces
Robert Maher(1973)
65
Dating the rice terraces site, ________ tests were performed which revealed a date between ________BP
RADIOCARBON-14 800±1000
66
Felix Keesing's suggestion
People of Central Cordillera moved into the interior as a result of Spanish presure
67
It was done by the archeologists of the Nat. Museum was the most dramatic among others
Archeological diggings in Tabon amd other caves in Palawan
68
It was reinforce by the preliminary findings of the Ateneo de Manila University group in the Lemery-Taal sites.
Cagayan Valley theory
69
2 dating techniques used in the Philippines
TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE MODERN TECHNIQUE
70
this technique employs carbon-14 determinations of organic samples recovered in archaelogical sites
MODERN TECHNIQUE
71
this technique establishes dates on the basis of historical records, nature of artifacts and geological layers where the artifacts are found
TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE
72
They had caused damaged to archeological sites
Antique collectors and pothunters whole collection of prehistoric materials for sale
73
term used for unsystematic diggings of prehistoric sites by private collectors and untrained individuals
Pothunting
74
Discovered in 1989 Lumbang River, Lumban municipality, Laguna province 10th century A.D.
LAGUNA COPPER PLATE
75
Investigated between 1962-1965 in Lipuun Point, Palawan 890-710 B.C.
MANUNGGUK JAR
76
Discovered in 1960's in San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo 14th-15th century AD
OTON DEATH MASK
77
used to determine the authenticity or genuineness of a historical document - useful in internal criticism
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
78
external cristicism
authorship time place purpose and circumstances or composition what part of the document is true to the original
79
Purpose of external criticism
to detect forgeries and hoaxes to detect authorship, time, filiation of documents to detect incorrect borrowings to detect inventions and distortions
80
the process of determining the true meaning and value of statements contained in a document
Internal criticism
81
P A S T
Purpose - What was the object used for? What does the text say? What does the picture show? Author- Who created this Slant- Is there bias? what is the POV or frame of reference of the source Time period - When was it created? What is the historical context or what was happening at the time it was created
82
Is History a Science or one of the Humanities
History is considered to be a hybrid of the humanities and science. This is because it uses the tools and methods of both. It uses scientific method which is not odd to the sciences which is also applicable to historh and the social sciences. It also uses disciplines in humanities such that it helps study aspects of human society and culture.
83
only part of what was observed in the past was
REMEMBERED
84
only part of what remembered has
RECORDED
85
only part of what recorded has
SURVIVED
86
only part of what has survived
has come to the historian's attention
87
only part of what has come to their attention is
CREDIBLE
88
only of a part of what is credible has been
GRASPED
89
only a part of what has been grasped can be
EXPOUNDED OR NARRATED BY THE HISTORIAN
90
8 CONCEPTS OF HISTORY
CONCEPT OF - CHANGE -CONTINUITY -MULTIPLE CAUSATION -SIGNIFICANCE -SOURCES -EVIDENCE -FRAMEWORK -CONTEXT
91
TRUE OR FALSE There is no single understanding of truth in history
TRUE
92
TRUE OR FALSE Different historians reach exactly same conclusions about the same period, event or issue
FALSE. (different conclusions)
93
TRUE OR FALSE History is stagnant.
FALSE (history is always changing)
94
TRUE OR FALSE History is composed of competing and conflicting arguments and viewpoints
TRUE
95
TRUE OR FALSE The past of mankind for the most part is beyond recall because of the incompleteness of records
TRUE
96
TRUE OR FALSE Artifacts are not the essence of the study
TRUE

HISTORY (5 decks)

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