Meaning, Concept, History Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
“YUJ”
A
Yoke
To yoke
A yoke
2
Q
Yukta
A
Yoking spirit to body
3
Q
Yuj (Katha Upanishad)
A
Controlling mind in worship
4
Q
Sadhana
A
Discipline of daily practice
5
Q
Yoga accdg to Patanjali
A
Cessation of the fluctuations of the mind
6
Q
Vinyasa
A
To place in a special way
7
Q
Father of Modern Yoga
A
Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
8
Q
Goals in life
A
- Abundance + prosperity
- Emotional wellbeing
- Sense of purpose via meaningful work
- Spiritual enlightenment
9
Q
5 Kleshas
A
- Ignorance to our true nature
- False identification with ego
- Addiction to pleasurable experiences
- Aversion to pain/discomfort/suffering
- Mortal fear of death, clinging to life, disinterest in afterlife
10
Q
What do “roads” represent in the chariot metaphor
A
Objects of desire, memories
11
Q
Horses
A
Ten senses thru which we relate to external world
12
Q
Reins
A
Mind (manas)
13
Q
Charioteer
A
Higher intellect (buddhi)
14
Q
Passenger
A
True self/Atman
15
Q
Chariot
A
Physical body, an instrument
16
Q
Sadhana
A
Spiritual practice
17
Q
Vedas
A
Knowledge
18
Q
Whose worldview, spiritual preoccupations, and social attitudes do the Vedic Literature reflect?
A
Brahmans / Priestly class
19
Q
Collection of hymns and religious texts composed in India in 1500-1000 BCE
A
The Vedas
20
Q
Rig-veda
A
Knowledge of Hymns+Praise
Largest most impt text
21
Q
Sama-veda
A
Knowledge of the melodies: for chanting
Has verses from Rig-veda arranged differently
22
Q
Yajur-veda
A
Knowledge of Sacrificial Formulas: for liturgy
Divided into white and black yajur-veda
23
Q
Contains explanatory prose how to perform religious rituals and sacrifices
A
Yajur-veda
24
Q
Atharva-veda
A
Knowledge of magic formulas
Magical incantations, charms of folkloristic quality
25
Pre vedic religion
Animistic or totemic worship of spirits in nature
26
Indra
Storm God
Sky God
God of War
Wields Thunderbolt
27
Agni
God of Fire
Flame lifting sacrifices to heaven
Messenger between living and dead
28
Most important god in Vedas
Agni
29
Soma
Sacred soma plant with holy intoxicating juice
30
Most ethical and ideal god associated with heaven
Varuna
31
Rita
Law of right
| Cosmic moral rhythm
32
Purusha
Primordial deity whose limbs and body parts were sacrificed to create the world and humans in the varnas
33
Brahmanas
Literature that priestly class created describing how to specifically perform rituals
34
People against traditional vedic order and are in pursuit of spiritual progress
Upanishads
35
Meaning of Upanishads
Sitting down near
36
What religions originated from the World Renunciation Movement?
Jainism
Buddhisim
Harvaka
Indian religions considered “heretic” by traditional priestly class
37
World Renunciation Movement shifted focus of religious life from external rites and sacrifices to:
Internal spiritual quests
| Search for answers
38
A collection of texts philosophical + religious in nature that represent not doctrine but experiences, opinions, lessons of many people
The Upanishads
39
How many of the 200 surviving Upanishadic texts are considered important?
14
40
True or False: Upanishads are instruction, NOT inspiration
False
41
Samsara
Reincarnation
42
Karma
Action
Actions have consequences, good or bad
43
Moksha
Liberation
Release
Permanent peace from eternal cycle
44
Atman
True self
Core of all
Innermost substance
45
Brahman
One underlying substance of universe
Unchanging absolute being
46
Atman is the same substance as:
Brahman
47
Happens when Atman reunites with Brahman
Moksha
48
How is moksha achieved
Meditation
Introspection
Knowledge that behind all forms and veils all are one
Identification with Brahman
49
4 Basic Principles of the Upanishads (samsara, karma, dharma, moksha) are shared by which religions
Most Indian religions including
Hinduism
Buddhism
Jainism
50
True or False: the Upanishads’ message attempts to be universal.
True
51
True or False: the Varnas are the same as the Caste System
False
52
Varnas
Four Fold Order of Society
53
What are the Four Fours?
Varnas (order of society)
Ashramas (stages of life)
Purusharthas (aims in life)
Principles of life
54
Role of Brahmins
Priests
Teachers
Medicine
55
Duties of Sudras
Follow orders
56
Qualities of Kshatriyas
```
Courage
Strength
Firmness
Skillfulness
Charitableness
Leadership/Administrative
```
57
Role of Vaishyas
Deal in agriculture, trade, commerce
58
What is the Varnas system based on
Skill and ability
59
Role of Kshatriyas
```
Warriors
Leaders
Fighting
Ruling
Administration
```
60
Qualities of Vaishyas
Hard working
Intelligence
Quick decision making
61
Whose role is to protect and govern people?
Kshatriyas
62
Which class has “no abilities and aptitudes”?
Sudras
63
Duties of Brahmins
Offer prayers
Perform ceremonies
Sacrifices
Teaching
64
Role of Sudras
“Unskilled” work under direction of other groups
65
```
Which class’ duties are the ff:
to engage in agriculture
Buy and sell commodities
Rear cattle
Help poor and needy
```
Vaishyas
66
Which class is not permitted to read the Vedas or observe Vedic rites?
Sudras
67
Define Ashramas
Four Stages of Life
68
In which stage in life are you supposed to become detached, fearless, and preach importance of self realization?
Sanyasa Ashram (Renunciation)
69
What life stage is Bramacharya Ashram
Student Stage
70
Which life stage requires qualities of purity of heart, fidelity, and chastity?
Garhashtya Ashram (Householder Stage)
71
Vanaprastha Ashram
Retirement Stage
72
Which ashram is the householder stage
Garahasthya Ashram
73
What is moha
Attachment
74
In Vanaprastha Ashram what replaces biological urges as they decline?
Deeper interest in human welfare
75
Which ashram requires the quality of simplicity and hard work?
Bramacharya
76
4 vows one must take in student stage
Sexual purity
Simplicity in food and clothing
Respect and obedience to teacher
Initiative in learning and prayer
77
In what stage do your duties include to make money and enjoy sensual pleasure
Garhasthya Ashra / Householder Stage
78
When or which stage do you go on pilgrimage
Vanaprastha Ashram / Retirement
79
Renunciation Stage
Sanyasa Ashram
80
Four Purusharthas in English
Four Aims in Life
81
Which purushartha asks “why am I here?"
Dharma
82
Material support Purushartha
Artha
83
Emotional need. Asks “What do I want?”
Kama
84
Moksha
Liberation from suffering
| Awakening to real nature
85
Final yogic attainment
Moksha
86
When combined, these become tools to attain Four Aims / Purusharthas
Four Principles in Life
87
Define manas
Mind
88
Vairagya:
Non attachment
89
Right understanding
Viveka
90
Buddhi:
Intellect
91
Spontaneous expression of our wisdom
Viveka / right understanding
92
Stability in which principle allows you to transcend vrittis (archetypes of personality)
Vairagya
93
These three should function in harmony for you to attain Shuddhata/Virtue
Manas (Mind)
Vacha (Speech)
Buddhi (Intellect)
94
Mumukshutva:
Desire for perfection
95
Viveka leads to:
Vairagya
96
Which principle leads to shuddhata
Vairagya
97
What are you detaching from in Vairagya?
Objects
Experiences
Situations
That give us pleasure or satisfaction
98
True or False: Wisdom is not knowledge
True
