Meanings and Representations

Question 1

Definition of semantics

Answer 1

Study of meaning

Question 2

Definition of collocations, and an example

Answer 2

Words that typically pair together

Eg: fish and chips

Question 3

Definition of synonyms

Answer 3

A word that has equivalent meaning to another word

Question 4

Definition of antonyms

Answer 4

Words that have opposite meanings

Question 5

Definition of euphemisms

Answer 5

A more socially accepted word to say something

Question 6

Example of a euphemism

Answer 6

Died = passed away

Question 7

Defintion of Dysphemisms

Answer 7

Harsher/blunt way of saying something

Question 8

What is a declarative?

Answer 8

A statement

Question 9

What is an imperative?

Answer 9

An Instruction

Question 10

What is an interrogative?

Answer 10

A question

Question 11

What’s an exclamatory?

Answer 11

An exaggerated statement

Question 12

Definition of syntax

Answer 12

How lexical terms are sequenced into larger units of language

Question 13

What is a noun phrase?

Answer 13

Phrase that is centred around the noun

Question 14

Example of a concrete noun

Answer 14

Table, bed, house etc.

Question 15

What is synthetic personalisation?

Answer 15

The stimulation of private, face to face, person to person discourse in mass media (2nd person, cultural references, television, media)

Question 16

Who came up with synthetic personalisation?

Answer 16

Fairclough (1995)

Question 17

What makes up a simple sentence? Give an example

Answer 17

1 verb
Eg: the cat SAT on the mat

Question 18

What makes up a compound sentence?

Answer 18

2 simple sentences joined together by a connective (and, because)

Eg: that cat sat on the mat and it was hungry

Question 19

What makes up a complex sentence? Give an example

Answer 19

Subordinate clause
Eg: the cat, who had a broken leg, sat on the mat.

Question 20

Definition of pragmatics

Answer 20

How language is used in social situations (imply things rather than saying them directly)

Question 21

What is deixis?

Answer 21

Words that are context bound, their meaning depends on where they’re being used and who by

Question 22

Give 5 examples of deictic words

Answer 22

1) that
2) I
3) here
4) these
5) we

Question 23

Give an example of an acronym

Answer 23

LOL

Question 24

Give an example of an initialism

Answer 24

OMG, BTW

Question 25

What do you need to include in a PAF paragraph?

Answer 25

Purpose - to inform/promote/persuade etc. Audience - implied/actual Format - article/advert/book extract etc.

Question 26

Definition of graphology?

Answer 26

How something looks

Question 27

Give 8 examples of graphology

Answer 27

1) images - pictures/drawings 2) hyperlinks 3) logos 4) titles 5) bullet points 6) white space 7) Background colour 8) underlined/bold text

Question 28

State 3 categories of deictic words

Answer 28

1) person (names/personal pronoun) 2) spatial (adverbs - here/there, demonstratives - this/that) 3) temporal deixis (today/ tomorrow/ yesterday)

Question 29

Jargon meaning

Answer 29

Formal language used between professionals that others won't understand

Question 30

State the 5 types of pronouns

Answer 30

1) personal 2) possessive 3) reflexive 4) demonstrative 5) relative

Question 31

Examples of personal pronoun

Answer 31

I, you, she, they

Question 32

Examples of possessive pronoun

Answer 32

My, his, our, their

Question 33

Examples of demonstrative pronoun

Answer 33

This, these, that, those

Question 34

State 3 types of nouns

Answer 34

1) proper - London/ Paris 2) abstract - pain/happiness 3) concrete - table/chair/bed

Question 35

Definition of an abstract noun

Answer 35

Refers to feelings, concepts and emotions that are not physical

Question 36

Definition of a proper noun

Answer 36

Refers to names and places

Question 37

Definition of concrete noun

Answer 37

Refers to physical objects with physical existence

Question 38

State 3 types of verbs

Answer 38

1) material 2) relational 3) mental

Question 39

Definition of material verb

Answer 39

Describes actions and events

Question 40

Definition of preposition

Answer 40

Shows relation in terms of time and place Eg: in, at, by,on

Question 41

Definition of conjunction

Answer 41

Links words, clauses and phrases together Eg: and, but, also, because etc.

Question 42

What is mixed mode?

Answer 42

Elements of both written and spoken text/features

Question 43

Give 4 examples of mixed modes

Answer 43

Text messages Diary Tweet Letter Poems Song lyrics

Question 44

What is a semantic field? Give an example

Answer 44

Words/phrases that appear throughout a piece of text that all link to one topic Eg: semantic field of war = blood, guns, battle, enemy, death, violence

Question 45

What is audience positioning?

Answer 45

Making assumptions about readers' background knowledge