Measles Flashcards
Another name for measles?
Rubeola
Measles is DNA or RNA ?
RNA
Route of infection in measles ?
Direct droplet infection, airborne infection , via contaminated articles and fomites
IP if measles?
1 – 2 weeks
Infectivity of measles?
5 days before and 5 days after rash
CP of measles?
- Catarrhal stage (koplick’s spots)
- Eruptive stage (4th to 5th day of fever)
- Convalescence stage
Describe catarrhal stage of measles?
Fever conjunctivitis coryza(rhinitis) and dry cough with koplick’s spots
What is koplick spots?
Pathognomotic for measles
Appear on the 3rd day opposite the lower molar teeth , greyish white dots with red areola and disappear 2 days after the rash
Eruptive stage of measles ?
- Maculopapular rash
- On the 4th day of fever
- Fever rises upto 40 for 2 days then rapidly fall
- Starts behind the ear and near the hair line then involve fair and neck then truck and arms
- When reach LL it fade from face
Convalescence stage of measles ?
Rashe fade in order of appearance with fine branny desquamation
What are the clinical types of measles ?
- Mild ( rash doesn’t reach legs )
- Attenuated (if gamma globulin is given during IP)
- Sever ( bullous rash or hemorrhagic(black measles))
Investigation of measles ?
- Virus isolation from blood or nasopharyngeal secretions
2. Rising antibody titre
Complication of measles ?
- Respiratory
- GIT
- Neuro
- Cardiac
- Blood
Respiratory complications of measles ?
- 2ry bacterial infection with strep
- Hect’s pneumonia
- Activation of TB focus
How do you know a child with measles developed 2ry bacterial infection of respiratory system?
- Marked increase of fever
- Malaise and prostration
- Leukocytosis
What is hect’s pneumonia?
Viral pneumonia with multinucleated giant cells in the lungs
Prevention of measles?
Measles vaccine (MMR vaccine) Vitamin A single dose with the vaccine (immune enhancer)
Ttt of measles for cases ?
a. Symptomatic eye drops
b. Care of feeding
c. Antibiotics for 2ry infection
d. Vitamin a 100.000 – 200.000 IU single oral dose reduce measles morbidity in malnourished immunodeficiency nad in infants 6mo to 2yrs
Ttt of measles for contacts ?
Passive immunization with measles immunoglobulin 0.5ml/kg IM
- If given within 6 days of exposure prevents the disease but vaccine is needed 2 months later (seropreventive)given to immunodeficient and <6mon of non immune mothers
- If given after 6 days of exposure, attenuate the virus, mild disease plus immunity seroattenuation
