Measurement Exam 1

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

Concerned with the presentation, organization, and summarization of SAMPLE DATA

Question 2

Inferential Statistics

Answer 2

Allows us to generalize or make inferences from our sample of data to a larger group of subjects

Question 3

Discrete Variable

Answer 3

• can have only one of a limited set of values or only whole numbers
• ex. gender, amount of hospitalizations

Question 4

Continuous Variable

Answer 4

• may take an infinite number of values within a given range

- ex. age, temperature, weight

Question 5

NOIR

Answer 5

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Interval
• Ratio

Question 6

Nominal Scale

Answer 6

• named categories, with no implied order among the categories
• ex. gender, Y/N, political party

Question 7

Ordinal Scale

Answer 7

• ordered categories, where the differences between categories cannot be considered to be equal
• ex. grades, pain scale

Question 8

Interval Scale

Answer 8

• equal distance between values, but the zero point is arbitrary
• ex. temperature

Question 9

Ratio Scale

Answer 9

• equal intervals between values and a meaningful zero point, which represents absence of the characteristic being measured
• ex. weight, speed

Question 10

Independent Variable

Answer 10

The intervention, or what is being manipulated

Question 11

Dependent Variable

Answer 11

The outcome of interest, which should change in response to some intervention

Question 12

Central Tendency

Answer 12

• single value that is considered “typical” of the set of data as a whole
• ex. mean, median, mode

Question 13

What kind of variables can you use for the mean?

Answer 13

• interval

- ratio

Question 14

What kind of variables can you use for the median?

Answer 14

• ordinal
• interval
• ratio

Question 15

What kind of variables can you use for the mode?

Answer 15

• nominal
• ordinal
• interval
• ratio

Question 16

What are the measures of dispersion?

Answer 16

• Range
• Interquartile Range
• Variance
• Standard Deviation

Question 17

Interquartile Range (IQR)

Answer 17

Reflects the variability of the middle 50% of the observations

Question 18

Variance

Answer 18

• Measures the dispersion relative to the scatter of the values about their mean
• When values lie close to their mean, the dispersion is less than when they are scattered over a wide range

Question 19

Standard Deviation

Answer 19

square root of the variance

Question 20

Skewness

Answer 20

• One “tail” of distribution is longer than the other

- Negative & positive

Question 21

Negative skewness

Answer 21

Longer tail is pointing toward the negative numbers

Question 22

Positive skewness

Answer 22

Longer tail is pointing toward the positive numbers