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Measurements Flashcards

1
Q

3 Dimensional Quantities

A

RTT
Repeatability
Temporal Extent
Temporal Locus

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2
Q

Repeatability

A

When behavior can be COUNTED

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3
Q

3 Types of Repeatability

A

CRC
Count
Rate
Celeration

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4
Q

Count

A

Add up behaviors

Does not give enough information to make decisions regarding a clients behavior

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5
Q

Rate

A 
Frequency
Add up behaviors or items over time
count/time
Most popular
Must be standard 
Used to record free operants
Should not be used for discrete trials
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6
Q

Celeration

A

Count per unit of time/time
Frequency/time
How rates of response change over time
Celeration trend line through the graphed data shows direction and degree of trend

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7
Q

Temporal Extent

A

Duration of behavior can be measured
Duration- amount of time in which a behavior occurs
Total- Cumulative amount of time in a total session
Duration-per-occurence- duration of target behavior

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8
Q

Temporal Locus

A

Measuring the time at which behavior occurs

Locus=point in time

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9
Q

2 Types of Temporal Locus Measures

A

Response Latency

Interresponse Time

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10
Q

Response Latency

A

Time between onset of a stimulus and initiation of response

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11
Q

Interresponse Time

A 
IRT
Amount of time that elapses between 2 consecutive instances of a response class
When time between responses is important
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12
Q

2 Derivative Measures

A

Percentage

Trials- To- Criterion

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13
Q

Percentage

A

Ratio formed by combining the same dimensional quantities such as count
Expresses proportional quantity of an event
Recommended minimum observation= 30

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14
Q

Trials-To-Criterion

A

A measure of number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance criteria
Trial depends on the nature of target behavior and desired performance level

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15
Q

2 Definitional Measures

A

Topography

Magnitude

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16
Q

Topography

A

Form or shape of the response

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17
Q

Magnitude

A

Force
Intensity
Severity of behavior

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18
Q

Continuous Measure Procedures

A

Measurement conducted in a manner such that all instance of response class are detected
Useful for free operant, discrete beginning and end
Not useful for high rate behaviors, discrete trials, opportunity based

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19
Q

Discontinuous Measure Procedures

A

Measurement conducted in a manner such that some instances of response class of interest may not be detected
Useful for high rate behaviors
Not useful for free operants

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20
Q

3 Procedures for Measuring Behavior

A

ETT
Event Recording
Timing
Time Sampling

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21
Q

Event Recording

A

Methods to record the number of times a response occurs

Not useful for very high rates of behavior

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22
Q

Timing

A

Used to measure

Duration, Response Latency, IRT

23
Q

Time Sampling

A

Variety of methods for recording behavior during intervals or at specific moments in time
Time sampling methods gives approx.
DIvide observation into equal intervals

24
Q

3 Forms of Times Sampling

A

WPM
Whole Interval Recording
Partial Interval Recording
Momentary Time Sampling

25
Whole interval Recording
Divide observation period into a series of brief intervals At the end of each interval record whether the target behavior occurred throughout the interval Always percentage Underestimates rate of behavior
26
Partial Interval Recording
Divide observation period in intervals and record whether occured at any time during the interval Used to rep. proportion Always percentage
27
Momentary Time Sampling
Divide observation period in intervals At the end of each interval record whether the target behavior occurred at the end of that time interval only Always percentage
28
Planned Activity Check
For groups a variation of Momentary Time Sampling
29
Permanent Product
Measuring behavior after it occurred by measuring effects behavior produced on environment Ex post facto measurement Event recording, timing and time sampling can be applied to measurement by permanent product
30
When To Use Permanent Product?
Are you interested in only the outcome of the behaviors? Is real time measurement needed? Can the target behavior be measured by pp?
31
3 Indicators of Trustworthy Measurement
VAR Validity Accuracy Reliability
32
Validity
Directly measuring target behavior Measuring dimension relevant to the question Ensuring data representative of behaviors during times that are relevant
33
Threats to Validity
Indirect Measurement Measuring Wrong Dimension Measurement Artifacts
34
Measuring Artifacts
Discontinuous Measurement Poorly Schedules Measurement Periods Insensitive and Limiting Measurement Scales
35
Accuracy
Observed value matches the true value | If not Valid, Accuracy is moot
36
Reliability
Procedures yield the same value when brought into REPEATED contact with the same state of nature Repeatability
37
Threats to Reliability and Accuracy
Human Error Poorly Designed measurement systems Inadequate observer training Expectations about what the data should look like
38
Observer Drift
When observers unknowingly alter the way they measure Bx
39
Measurement Bias
Nonrandom measurement error Overestimating or underestimating the true value Naive Observers minimizes measurement bias
40
Interobserver Agreement
Refers to the degree to which 2 or more independent observers report the same values after measuring the same events
41
AKA of Interobserver Agreement
IOA
42
4 Event Recording IOA's
Total Count Mean Count-per-Interval Exact Count- per Interval Trial by Trial
43
Total Count IOA
Simplest method % of agreement between the total number of responses recorded by 2 observers Overestimates the extent of actual agreement smaller #/ Larger # X 100
44
Mean Count Per- Interval IOA
Dividing observation period into a series of small counting times Int 1 IOA + Int 2 IOA+ Int N IOA/ Total # Intervals
45
Exact Count Per Interval IOA
of Intervals of 100 IOA agreement/ total # of Intervals X 100
46
Trial by Trial IOA
of Trials of Agreement/ Total # of Trials X 100
47
2 Timing/Duration IOA's
Total Duration | Mean Duration Per Occurence
48
Total Duration IOA
Shorter/ Longer X 100
49
Mean Duration Per Occurrence IOA
Duration IOA B1+ Duration IOA B2+ Duration IOA Bn/ n Bx with Duration IOA
50
3 Time Sampling/ Interval Recording IOA's
Interval by Interval IOA | Scored Interval IOA
51
Interval by Interval IOA
of Intervals Both Recorders are in Agreement/ Total # Intervals X 100
52
Scored Interval IOA
Intervals Both Recorders Recorded Occurrences/# of Intervals at least one recorder recorded occurring X 100
53
Unscored Interval IOA
of Intervals Both Recorders Recorded Non- Occurence/ # of Intervals at least one recorded Non- Occurrence X 10

BCBA (9 decks)

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