Measures To Help Cope With Living In Tectonically Actuve Places

Question 1

Risk

Answer 1

Risk = (frequency or magnitude x level of vulnerability) / Capacity of population to adapt or cope

Question 2

Vulnerablility

Answer 2

Ability of person/community to with stand exposure to an earthquake or volcanic erruption

Question 3

Resilience

Answer 3

Indication of rate of recovery from a hazardous event

Question 4

Disaster and response (the risk disk)

Answer 4

Stage 1 = Modifying the cause and event
Stage 2 = Hazardous event
Stage 3 = Search, rescue and care
Stage 4 = Relief and rehabilitation - may include external help
Stage 5 = Nature of recovery - need to reduce vulnerability, restore normality

Question 5

Modify the event

Answer 5

Volcanoes:
- Difficult as they are large and unpredictable
- Lava dispersion channels
- Spraying lava to cool it
- Slowing lava by dropping concrete blocks

Earthquakes:
- NOTHING

Question 6

Modify people’s vulnerablitiy

Answer 6

Volcanoes

Education - Recognise possible signs of eruption, evacuation routes knowledge
Community preparedness - Building tsunami shelters/walls
Prediction/warning - technology for individual volcanoes
Land use zones

Earthquakes

Education - Practice drills, shelter under table/doorway
Community preparedness - building tsunami shelters, strengthening buildings
Prediction/warning - seismographs
Buiding design

Question 7

Modifying people’s loss

Answer 7

Emergency aid i.e water,food, medical supplies, tents

Disaster response teams

Search and rescue strategies

Insurance for buildings and businesses

Resources for rebuilding

Question 8

Indonesia

Answer 8

Modifying vulnerability
- Centre for geological hazard and volcanology mitigation (CVGHM) established 1920
- First seismograph on merapi = 1924
- Significant monitoring of larhar risk (CCTV)
- Permanent settlement forbidden high up merapi
- Financial incentives for people to move away

Modifying loss
- Well trained, well equipped emergency response
- Clearing of river channels to contain lahars

Question 9

Italy

Answer 9

Modifying event
- Slowing and diverting lava flows on mount Etna
- Mainly local scale

Modifying vulnerability
- Constant Monitoring
- Well established alert levels
- Research into building design i.e roofs to hold ash

Modifying loss
- Government compensation
- Timely evacuations

Question 10

Nepal

Answer 10

Modifying event
- NOT POSSIBLE

Modifying vulnerability
- NGOs i.e Disaster preparedness network
- mapping of high risk zones
- building codes
- ‘Go bags’
- Education programs - awareness days