Meat As Food, History

Question 1

What is the goal of animal agriculture?

Answer 1

To produce food using health, genetics, volume, and quality

Question 2

What describes meat?

Answer 2

Animal tissues that are suitable for use as food

Question 3

What industry did a bad job at keeping its name as real animal product?

Answer 3

Milk, almond, oat, etc.

Question 4

What do muscles do, and why do we study them?

Answer 4

Locomotion- getting the animal to food
Protects bones
Digestion- movement of smooth muscle
Human food source

Question 5

What is a purveyor?

Answer 5

A seller of meat

Question 6

What do people in meat technology do?

Answer 6

Study shelf life, new retail cuts, and sausage (processed meat) making

Question 7

What are the main characteristics of the CURRENT meat industry?

Answer 7

The plants have moved to the animal
it is clean and sanitary
automated
humane handling

Question 8

What are the slaughter rates of cattle, pigs, and chickens?

Answer 8

Cattle: 450 to 500/hr
Pigs: 1,000 to 3,000/hr
Chickens: 12,000/hr; 200,000/day

Question 9

Due to chicken influenza, chicken is getting expensive. What meat is sometimes cheaper than chicken now?

Answer 9

Pork

Question 10

What is meat quality?

Answer 10

Color, marbling, and tenderness

Question 11

How long ago is it estimated butchering strated?

Answer 11

About 3.4 million years ago

Question 12

How many years ago were goats, pigs, sheep, cattle, and chickens domesticated?

Answer 12

Goats- 9,000
Pigs- 9,000
Sheep- 7,000
Cattle- 5,000
Chicken- 5,500 years ago

Question 13

In what order did public animal slaughter occur?

Answer 13

Home-based slaughter, local butcher shop, large scale/centralized processing

Question 14

Where does the phrase “packing” meat come from?

Answer 14

Early meat processors packed meat into barrels with salt in 1635

Question 15

Who is credited as the first US meat processor?

Answer 15

Sam Wilson/ Uncle Sam
Supplied meat to soldiers during the War of 1812

Question 16

What year did Elisa Mills open Ohio’s first slaughter house?

Answer 16

1818

Question 17

What did Elisa Mills’ slaughterhouse (the first in Ohio) become known as?

Answer 17

In 1829, it became known as Porkopolis

Question 18

What year did the railroad kill the meats industry in Cincinnati?

Answer 18

1861

Question 19

Where was the meat industry originally located? (the Hog Butcher of the World)

Answer 19

Chicago

Question 20

What role did taverns play in the meat industry?

Answer 20

They provided stock pens for dealers, so you could drink and find stock in the same place

Question 21

What book started the meat inspection industry?

Answer 21

The Jungle

Question 22

T/F The Jungle is about immigrants and briefly mentions bad working environments, which disgusted people.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T/F The Meat Inspection Act of 1901 made it to where meat plants must be inspected.

Answer 23

False. The Meat Inspection Act of 1906

Question 24

What two inspection practices are there?

Answer 24

Antemortem and post mortem

Question 25

What happens in antemortem inspections?

Answer 25

A walk through pens to see live animals who are sick, crippled, or dead before slaughter

Question 26

What inspection happens after the animal is dead, to inspect head, viscera, and carcass

Answer 26

Postmortem

Question 27

What is a US Suspect?

Answer 27

Seriously crippled, minor eye problems. Often they get slaughtered and then the carcass is extra checked.

Question 28

What are US Condemned cattle?

Answer 28

Cattle who are dead, moribund, comatose, or obvious signs of disease. They cannot enter the food chain and are disposed of.

Question 29

What category of cows may have the whole carcass go to market or part due to problems?

Answer 29

US Retained