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Ocular Disease (Eyelids) > Mechanical Disorders > Flashcards

Mechanical Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Type of Mechanical Disorder of the Eyelid’s:

(BEEEP)

A

Blepharospasm
Ectropion
Entropion
Epiblepharon
Ptosis

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2
Q

Another name of Blepharospasm

A

benign essential blepharospasm

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3
Q

an abnormal involuntary spasm of the eyelid muscle

A

Blepharospasm

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4
Q

Blepharospasm can appear as:
(RTF)

A

-Repetitive blinking, twitching, fluttering

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5
Q

two types of blepharospasm:
(BH)

A

Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB)
Hemifacial Blepharospasm

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6
Q

a type of blepharospasm that occurs on both sides of the face.

A

Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB)

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7
Q

It’s a form of “Dystonia” (which is a disorder that causes involuntary muscle contractions due to malfunctioning of the basal ganglia) - Develops slowly

A

Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB)

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8
Q

Which of the following are the signs and symptoms of Benign Essential Blepharospasm (BEB):

a. Occur during the night and cease during daytime
b. difficulty keeping their eyes open . Light sensitivity
c. Occur during the day and cease during sleep
d. difficulty keeping their eyes open during night

A

b and c

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9
Q

True or False: in the development of the benign essential blepharospasm , as the condition worsens, the spasms grow often and weak

A

As the condition worsens, the spasms grow more FREQUENT and INTENSE

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10
Q

development of benign essential blepharospasm

A

-As the condition worsens, the spasms grow more frequent and intense
-Forcing the eyes closed for periods

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11
Q

Complication of Benign Essential Blepharospasm:

A

Functionally Blind

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12
Q

Fill in the blanks: Benign Essential Blepharospasm both affect ______ & _______, but it most commonly occurs among older ________.

A

men and women, women

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13
Q

Treatment/Management of Benign Essential Blepharospasm:

A

-Surgery (Risk for permanent damage to the eyelid)
-Injections of botulinum toxin

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14
Q

What type of treatment in benign essential blepharospasm that is needed to relax or paralyze the muscles that have the spasms?

A

injection of botulinum

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15
Q

A form of blepharospasm occurs on only one side of the face

A

Hemifacial Blepharospasm

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16
Q

causes of hemifacial blepharospasm

A

-Due to compression of the seventh cranial nerve (Facial Nerve)
-Growth of tumors can cause blepharospasms

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17
Q

Occurs when one of the eyelids, usually the lower eyelid, turns outward.

A

Ectropion

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18
Q

True or False: Ectropion is common in children

A

False; it is common in older adults

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19
Q

Ectropion exposes the inner eyelid and can cause:
(RID)

A

Redness, Irritation, Dryness.

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20
Q

Types of Ectropion
(ICPM)

A

-involutional, cicatricial, paralytic, mechanical ectropion

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21
Q

a type of Ectropion that affects the lower lid of elderly patients, may cause chronic conjunctival inflammation and thickening.

A

Involutional Ectropion

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22
Q

(Type of Ectropion) contracture ofskin pulling lid away from globe

A

Cicatricial Ectropion

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23
Q

Cicatricial Ectropion can be:

A

-Unilateral Cicatricial Ectropion due to traumatic scarring

-Bilateral Cicatricial Ectropion due to severe dermatitis

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24
Q

Fill in the blanks: Unilateral Cicatricial Ectropion due to

A

traumatic scarring

25
Q

-Bilateral Cicatricial Ectropion due to

A

severe dermatitis

26
Q

a type of Ectropion caused by facial nerve palsy

A

Paralytic

27
Q

Bonus

A

GIKAPOY NA KO HUHU HELP

28
Q

severe cases of paralytic ectropion may cause:

A

exposure keratopathy caused by lagophthalmos
epiphora caused by combination:
-failure of lacrimal pump mechanism
-increase in tear production resulting from corneal exposure

29
Q

True of False: There are 3 options in treating the paralytic ectropion. Enumerate it.

A

False; Temporary and Permanent

30
Q

The following are Temporary treatments for Paralytic Ectropion, except

a. Lubrication with tear substitutes in mild cases
b. Botulinum toxin injection into levator muscle for corneal exposure
c. Temporary tarsorrhaphy in patients with poor Bell’s phenomenon
d. Medial canthoplasty
e. Medial wedge resection to correct medial ectropion associated with medial canthal laxity
e. lateral canthal sling to correct residual ectropion and raise lateral canthus

A

d,e,f

31
Q

The following are Permanent treatments for Paralytic Ectropion, except

a. Lubrication with tear substitutes in mild cases
b. Botulinum toxin injection into levator muscle for corneal exposure
c. Temporary tarsorrhaphy in patients with poor Bell’s phenomenon
d. Medial canthoplasty
e. Medial wedge resection to correct medial ectropion associated with medial canthal laxity
e. lateral canthal sling to correct residual ectropion and raise lateral canthus

A

a,b,c

32
Q

A type of Ectropion that is caused by the weight of a mass on the anterior lamella or mid-face ptosis, pulling the lid down.

A

Mechanical Ectropion

33
Q

Different causes of mechanical ectropion:
(TFM)

A
  • Tumor of the lower eyelid

-Fluid accumulation secondary to sinusitis, thyroid disease, lupus

-Mid-face ptosis can have sagging of the cheek and face, resulting in a mechanical ectropion.

34
Q

True or False: There are 3 types of Entropion

A

True 💪

35
Q

Type of entropion that affects the lower lid because the upper lid has a wider tarsus and is more stable.

A

Involutional Entropion

36
Q

If entropion is longstanding it may result

A

corneal ulceration

37
Q

(type of entropion) severe scarring of palpebral conjunctiva which pulls the lid margin towards the globe - may affect the lower or upper eyelid.

A

Cicatricial Entropion

38
Q

Causes of Cicatricial Entropion
(CTC)

A

Cicatrizing conjunctivitis
Trachoma
Chemical burns

39
Q

Congenital Entropion is very ____, not to be confused with __________ . It is the inturning of ______ lower eyelid and lashes.

A

rare, epiblepharon, entire

40
Q

True or False: Epiblepharon is very common, especially in Asians

A

False; Orientals

41
Q

A entropcondition in which the eyelid pretarsal muscle and skin ride above the eyelid margin to form a horizontal fold of tissue that causes the cilia to assume a vertical position

A

Epiblepharon

42
Q

Epiblepharon is _______, commonly seen in Asian or Hispanic children

A

congenital

43
Q

Epiblepharon can involve either the upper or lower eyelid, but is most commonly seen involving the ________ _______

A

lower eyelid

44
Q

occurs when the upper eyelid droops

A

Ptosis

45
Q

Ptosis has a variety of classification which are:
NMAM

A

Neurogenic
Myogenic
Aponuerotic Ptosis
Mechanical Ptosis

46
Q

The following are under Neurogenic, except:
a. Third nerve palsy
b. Third nerve misdirection
c. Horner Syndrome
d. Marcus Gunn Jaw-winking syndrome
e. Myasthenia Gravis

A

e. Myasthenia Gravis

47
Q

The following are under Myogenic Ptosis, except:
a. Myasthenia Gravis
b. Ocular Myasthenia
c. Myotonic Dystrophy
d. Simple Congenital Syndrome
e. Complex Malignant Syndrome
f. Blepharophimosis Syndrome

A

e. Complex Malignant Syndrome (kay nag eme-eme ra ko ani hehe)

48
Q

it is under neurogenic ptosis and it is a severe unilateral ptosis and defective adduction

A

Third nerve palsy

49
Q

it is under neurogenic ptosis that is rare, unilateral, aberrant regeneration following acquired third nerve palsy

A

Third nerve misdirection

50
Q

it is under neurogenic caused by oculosympathetic palsy, usually unilateral mildptosis and miosis

A

Horner Syndrome

51
Q

(Neurogenic) accounts for about 5%of all cases of congenital ptosis

A

Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome

52
Q

(Myogenic) Myasthenia Gravis is uncommon, typically affects

A

young women

53
Q

(Myogenic) bilateral but asymmetrical, worse with fatigue and in upgaze, ptotic lid may show ‘twitch’ and ‘hop’ signs

A

Ocular myasthenia

54
Q

(Myogenic) involvement of tongue and pharyngeal muscles

A

Myotonic dystrophy

55
Q

(Myogenic) developmental dystrophy of levator muscle. Occasionally associated with weakness of superior rectus.

A

Simple congenital ptosis

56
Q

(myogenic) rare congenital disorder, moderate to severe symmetrical ptosis

A

Blepharophimosis syndrome

57
Q

weakness of levator aponeurosis, caused by complications, postoperative and blepharochalasis.

A

Aponeurotic ptosis

58
Q

Mechanical ptosis

A

caused by dermatochalasis, severe lid edema, anterior orbital lesions, and large tumours.

Ocular Disease (Eyelids) (3 decks)

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