Mechanical Systems Vocab Flashcards
(27 cards)
Pascal’s Law
A law that states:
when pressure is exerted on one part of a fluid, the same pressure is transmitted, unchanged to all parts of the fluid, no matter the shape of the container holding it
Pressure
Force acting perpendicular to a certain surface area
Force
a push or pull, anything that causes the change in motion of an object
Area
amount of surface which is measured in square units, such as cm squared.
Piston
disc-shaped part in the engine that fits tightly inside a cylinder in which some force (ex. steam pressure) moves it back and forth, or up and down
Closed System
system that has a boundary which closes it off to its surroundings
Pneumatic Systems
system in which gas (ex.air) transmits a force exerted on the gas in an enclosed space
Hydraulic System
Device that transmits an applied force through a liquid to move something by means of pressure
Hydraulic Lift
a type of mechanical system that raises heavy objects by using a liquid under pressure in a closed system
Joules
type of unit used to measure energy/work
1J = force of 1N moving through 1M
Load
the weight of an object that is moved or lifted by a machine, or the resistance to movement that a machine must overcome
Lever
A type of machine that controls the amount of force exerted to move an object; it has a bar that rotated around a fixed point (fulcrum)
Fulcrum
the fixed point in a lever that doesn’t move
effort arm
This is the distance between the effort force and fulcrum in a lever
effort force
the force applied to a machine to move it/ make an action
Input Work
the work done on a machine
Output work
the work a machine does on a load
Mechanical Advantage
The ratio of the force produced by a machine or system/load to the force applied to the machine or the force
Speed
The rate at which an object changes position, or the rate of motion
Wheel and Axle
A type of machine consisting of 2 turning objects attached to e/o by their centres; one causes the other to turn
Gear
rotating wheel-like device with teeth around its rim
Speed Ratio
The relationship between the speed of rotation of a large and small gear
Pulley
A wheel that has a grooved rim, where a rope or chain goes; used to change the direction or transmit force
Friction
a force that opposes motion (resistance)
