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Physics Gr.10 > Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Force

A

F
Newtons
N
Vector

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2
Q

Weight

A

w/ Fg
Newtons
N
Vector

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3
Q

Time

A

t
Seconds
s
Scalar

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4
Q

Distance

A

D
Metres
m
Scalar

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5
Q

Displacement

A

Δx
metres
m
Vector

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6
Q

Speed

A

V
metres per second
m.s^-1
Scalar

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7
Q

Velocity

A

V
metres per second
m.s^-1
Vector

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8
Q

Acceleration

A

a
metres per second per second
m.s^ -2
Vector

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9
Q

Acceleration

A

a
metres per second per second
m.s^ -2
Vector

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10
Q

Energy

A

W/E
Joules
J
Scalar

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11
Q

Mass

A

m
Kilograms
kg
Scalar

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12
Q

Define Vector quantity

A

A physical quantity with magnitude (size) and direction)

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13
Q

Define Scalar

A

A physical quantity with magnitude (size) only

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14
Q

Represent vectors graphically with an arrow

A

The length of the arrow represents the magnitude and the arrowhead, the direction of the vector

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15
Q

Define a Resultant

A

A single vector having the same effect as two or more vectors together

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16
Q

When scalar quantities are added together..

A

We find the algebraic sum of the numerical values

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17
Q

When vector quantities are added together

A

Their directions need to be taken into account.

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18
Q

If two forces that are parallel to one another act in the same direction (both to left/ right)

A

Combined effect will be much bigger than if they acted in opposite directions

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19
Q

When are vectors EQUAL

A

Same:
*magnitude
*direction

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20
Q

Concept of a frame of reference:

A

A coordinated system used to represent and measure properties of objects, such as position

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21
Q

Frame of reference set up

A

Origin (zero point)
Set of directions : east / west + up/down

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22
Q

Define one-dimensional motion:

A

Motion along a straight line
(The object may move forward or backward along this line)

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23
Q

Describing an object’s position ( x )

A

relative to a selected reference point (a point from which the position of the object is measured) and understand that position can be positive / negative

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24
Q

Define distance (D)

A

The total path length travelled

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25
Define displacement (Δx)
The difference / change in position in space. Represented by a straight line that points from INITIAL to FINAL position
26
Equation for displacement :
Δx = x(f) - x(i)
27
Object’s resultant displacement
Δx (R) = Δx(1) + Δx(2)
28
Common reference points:
The ground A point in air Other objects Cartesian plane
29
Define Average speed
The total distance travelled per total time (Scalar quantity)
30
Average speed equation
Speed (average) = TOTAL DISTANCE / TOTAL TIME V(ave) = D / Δt
31
Define average velocity
The rate of change of position (total displacement over total time) *same direction as object’s displacement * vector
32
Equation for average velocity
V(ave) = Δx/ Δt
33
Define acceleration
Rate of change of velocity (Vector)
34
Acceleration equation
a = Δv / Δt
35
Positive acceleration:
An object moving in the positive direction is experiencing an increase in velocity (speeds up) And an object moving in the negative direction is experiencing a decrease in velocity (slows down)
36
Positive acceleration:
An object moving in the positive direction is experiencing an increase in velocity (speeds up) And an object moving in the negative direction is experiencing a decrease in velocity (slows down)
37
Negative acceleration:
*An object moving in the positive direction is experiencing a decrease in velocity (slows down) *An object moving in the negative direction is experiencing an increase in velocity (speeds up)
38
Deceleration:
An object is experiencing a decrease in speed
39
km.h-1 → m.s-1
Speed (in m.s-1) = speed (in km.h-1) x 1/ 3.6
40
m.s-1 → km.h-1
Speed (in km.h-1) = speed (in m.s-1) x 3.6 / 1
41
What does acceleration tell us:
By how much the object’s velocity changes each second.
42
Acceleration is measured in:
Metres per second squared (m.s^-2)
43
Define instantaneous velocity
*The rate of change in position *The displacement divided by a very small time interval *The velocity at a particular time (Vector)
44
Define instantaneous speed
The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity (Scalar)
45
Uniform velocity:
Motion at constant velocity (ie. No acceleration (a=0)
46
Uniform accelerated motion:
The velocity of an object changes with the same amount during each time interval (Same rate = constant during that period)
47
When acceleration changes:
Stage of motion changes
48
Define reaction time
The time it takes for a driver to react/ respond to a situation (V=constant)
49
Define: Thinking distance
The distance travelled by a vehicle during the reaction time (Before driver applies brakes)
50
Define : Braking distance
The shortest distance required by the breaks of a vehicle to bring the vehicle to rest
51
Two-second rule in driving
A driver should ideally stay at least two second behind any vehicle that is directly in front of the driver’s vehicle.
52
Graphs of motion: Calculating velocity
Gradient of x-t graph
53
Calculating acceleration
Gradient of v-t graph
54
Calculating change in velocity over a certain period of time
Area of a-t graph for that time period
55
Calculating an object’s displacement (change in position)
Area of v-t graph for that time period
56
To find the instantaneous velocity at a particular time what if drawn?
A tangent line drawn at that line - so gradient can be determined
57
Stationary object: standing at position +2
x-t : contant position (flat Line @ 2) V-t : v = zero (flat Line) a-t : a = 0 (flat line)
58
Uniform/ constant velocity: *Object moving in POSITIVE DIRECTION
x-t: constant pos gradient (diagonal straight line up) v-t: constant positive velocity (flat line) a-t: a = 0 (flat line)
59
Uniform/ constant velocity! *Object moving in NEGATIVE direction
x-t: constant negative gradient (diagonal straight line down) v-t: constant negative velocity (horizontal line below x axis) a-t: a = 0
60
Uniform/ Constant Acceleration: *Object moving in POSITIVE DIRECTION with a Positive acceleration
x-t: increasing positive gradient (curved line steepens) v-t: speeding up (diagonal straight line up) a-t: constant positive acceleration (flat line above x axis)
61
Object moving in POSITIVE direction with a NEGATIVE acceleration
x-t: decreasing positive gradient (curved line becomes gentler (hill) v-t: slowing down (straight diagonal line pointing down) a-t: constant negative acceleration (flat line below x axis)
62
Object moving in NEGATIVE direction with NEGATIVE acceleration
x-t: increasing negative gradient (curve point down and getting steeper) v-t: speeding up (straight line pointing down below x axis) a-t: constant neg acceleration (below x axis)
63
Object moving in NEGATIVE direction with a POSITIVE acceleration
x-t: decreasing negative gradient (curved line below x axis getting gentler) v-t: diagonal line below x axis pointing towards x axis a-t: constant POSITIVE acceleration (above x axis)
64
ticker timer: Velocity equation
Δx/ Δt
65
(Ticker timer): Calculating acceleration
Δv/ Δt
66
Define Resultant Vector
The sum/ combined effect of two or more vectors acting on a point

Physics Gr.10 (3 decks)

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