Mechanism of Action

Question 1

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Slows atrioventricular conduction

Answer 1

adenosine

Question 2

MECHANISM OF ACTION
 Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

CLASS
-Sympathomimetic

Answer 2

albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

Question 3

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
 Prolongs the action potential and repolarization
 Slows the sinus rate
 Increases the PR interval and QT interval

Answer 3

amiodarone (Cordarone)

Question 4

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Adsorbs (binds with) and inactivates toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 4

charcoal, activated

Question 5

MECHANISM OF ACTION

 Increases the glucose levels in the blood

Answer 5

dextrose 50%
AND
oral glucose

Question 6

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks the action of acetylcholine (anticholinergic)
 Increases the heart rate
 Reverses the symptoms of cholinergic poisoning

Answer 6

atropine sulfate

Question 7

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Increases the heart rate
 Increases the force of myocardial contractility
 Increases the blood pressure
 Increases preload

Answer 7

dopamine

Question 8

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Alpha-adrenergic response
o Vasoconstriction
 Beta1-adrenergic responses
o Increases the heart rate
o Increases myocardial contractility
 Beta2-adrenergic response
o Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation
 Blocks histamine receptors

Answer 8

epinephrine

Question 9

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks pain receptors
 Produces a dissociative state
 Produces anesthesia

Answer 9

ketamine

Question 10

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks H1 histamine receptors
 Reverses phenothiazine reaction with extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 10

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Question 11

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks formation of thromboxane A2 which prevents platelets from clumping (aggregating)
 Prevents clots from forming

Answer 11

acetylsalicylic acid

Question 12

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Produces depression of the central nervous system
 Produces anesthesia

Answer 12

etomidate

Question 13

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys
 Increases the output of urine

Answer 13

furosemide (Lasix)

Question 14

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Converts glycogen to glucose
 Increases glucose levels in the blood
 Increases the force of myocardial contractility
 Increases the heart rate

Answer 14

glucagon

Question 15

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Blocks acetylcholine receptors
 Dilates the larger airways resulting in bronchodilation

CLASS
-Anticholinergic

Answer 15

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

Question 16

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity
 Increases the threshold of ventricular fibrillation

-PHX Proflile: local anesthesia from blocking conduction of nerve impulses (conscious IO)

Answer 16

lidocaine

Question 17

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and cortex
 Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
 Raises the seizure threshold
 Exerts tranquilizing action (antianxiety effect) on the central nervous system

Answer 17

lorazepam (Ativan)

SIMILAR TO
midazolam (Versed)
AND
diazepam (Valium)

Question 18

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Decreases ventricular irritability
 Decreases release of acetylcholine that inhibits muscular excitability
 Causes uterine relaxation
 Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

Answer 18

magnesium sulfate

Question 19

MECHANISMS OF ACTION

• increases intracellular calcuim levels
• increases myocardial contractility

Answer 19

calcium chloride

Question 20

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation
 Produces immunosuppressive effect
 Stabilizes cellular membranes

CLASSES
 Corticosteroid
 Glucocorticoid
 Anti-inflammatory

Answer 20

methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

Question 21

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and hypothalamus
 Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
 Raises the seizure threshold
 Produces tranquilizing (antianxiety) effect on the central nervous system

Answer 21

midazolam (Versed) (PHX med)
AND
diazepam (Valium)

SIMILAR TO
lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 22

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
 Depresses brainstem respiratory centers
 Decreases venous return to the heart
 Decreases preload
 Decreases afterload

Answer 22

morphine sulfate
AND
fentanyl

Question 23

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Acts as a competitive antagonist at opiate receptors in the central nervous system
 Reverses the effects of narcotic and synthetic analgesic drugs
o central nervous system depression
o respiratory depression
o respiratory arrest

Answer 23

naloxone

Question 24

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
 Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
 Dilates coronary arteries resulting in increased blood flow to the myocardium
 Decreases workload on the heart
 Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
 Decreases preload
 Decreases afterload

Answer 24

nitroglycerin

Question 25

MECHANISM OF ACTION |  Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system

Answer 25

nitrous oxide 50%

Question 26

MECHANISMS OF ACTION  Blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptor sites in the central nervous system  Inhibits nausea and vomiting

Answer 26

ondansetron (Zofran)

Question 27

``` MECHANISMS OF ACTION  Reverses hypoxia  Increases arterial oxygen concentration  Increases hemoglobin saturation  Increases tissue oxygenation ```

Answer 27

oxygen

Question 28

MECHANISM OF ACTION |  Increases the force and frequency of uterine contraction

Answer 28

oxytocin

Question 29

MECHANISMS OF ACTION  Vasoconstricts blood vessels in the nasal passages  Reduces the risk of bleeding during insertion of a nasotracheal tube

Answer 29

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

Question 30

MECHANISMS OF ACTION  Buffers excess acid (H+ )  Increases the pH

Answer 30

sodium bicarbonate

Question 31

MECHANISM OF ACTION |  Inhibits neuromuscular transmission resulting in temporary paralysis

Answer 31

succinylcholine (Anectine)

Question 32

MECHANISM OF ACTION |  Metabolizes carbohydrates

Answer 32

thiamine (vitamin B1)

Question 33

MECHANISM OF ACTION |  Produces vasoconstriction

Answer 33

vasopressin

Question 34

MECHANISMS OF ACTION  Slows extracellular calcium ion influx across myocardial cell membranes  Slows conduction through the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node  Slows the ventricular conduction rate in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

Answer 34

diltiazem (Cardizem) AND verapamil

Question 35

MECHANISMS OF ACTION  Stops the fluoride ion found in hydrofluoric acid from penetrating tissue and bone  Neutralizes the fluoride ion to form insoluble calcium fluoride

Answer 35

calcium gluconate

Question 36

MECHANISMS OF ACTION  Promotes glucose transport which stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal and cardiac muscle and adipose tissue  Promotes phosphorylation of glucose in the liver where it is converted to glycogen  Directly affects fat and protein metabolism  Stimulates protein synthesis  Inhibits release of free fatty acids  Indirectly decreases phosphate and potassium

Answer 36

insulin

Question 37

``` CLASSES  Sympathomimetic  Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist  Inotropic cardiac stimulant  Vasopressor ```

Answer 37

norepinephrine

Question 38

MECHANISM OF ACTION Sedative-hypnotic agent that is suspected to produce effects by the passive modulation of the inhibitory function of the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the ligand-gated GABA receptors

Answer 38

propofol (Diprivan)