mechanism of action

Question 1

chlormethiazole

Answer 1

sedative and hypnotic: works to enhance the action of the neurotransmitter GABA at GABA a receptor

Question 2

Clonazepam

Answer 2

positive allosteric modulator on GABA-A

Question 3

Galantamine

Answer 3

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor- reversible

Question 4

Memantine

Answer 4

blockade of current flow through channels of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors

Question 5

Modafinil

Answer 5

Inhibit the reuptake of dopamine by binding to the dopamine reuptake pump. activates glutamatergic circuits while inhibiting GABA.

Question 6

Procyclidine

Answer 6

blocking central cholinergic receptors

Question 7

SSRIs

Answer 7

inhibit SERT serotonin transporter

Question 8

Quetiapine

Answer 8

D2 and 5HT2A antagonist with high D2 disassociation

Question 9

Clozapine

Answer 9

D2 and 5HT2A antagonist with HIGHEST D2 disassociation

Question 10

Buspirone

Answer 10

5HT1A partial agonist - presynaptic full agonist (reduces anxiety)

Question 11

atomoxetine, reboxetine

Answer 11

NARI

Question 12

nefazodone/trazodone

Answer 12

serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor “serotonin modulator”, weak 5HT2A and 5HT2C antagonists (Trazodone) most GI side effects

Question 13

Clomipramine

Answer 13

highest Serotonin effect

Question 14

imipramine, amitryptiline

Answer 14

highest Dopamine effect

Question 15

mianserin and mirtazapine

Answer 15

inhibit alpha 2 auto-receptor increasing Na and DA transmission, mirtazapine also antagonises 5HT2A, 5HT2C and 5HT3 improving anxiety, sexual function and nausea, respectively

Question 16

aripiprazole

Answer 16

partial D2 agonism, 5HT2A antagonism

Question 17

ziprasidone

Answer 17

strong D2 and 5HT2A antagonism, maybe MAOI effect

Question 18

valproate

Answer 18

inhibits GABA catabolism increasing GABA

Question 19

Carbemazapine

Answer 19

induces own metabolism

blocks voltage gated Na channels decreasing Glutamate

Question 20

lamotrigine

Answer 20

blocks voltage gated Na channels decreasing Glutamate

Question 21

Methadone

Answer 21

a mu-agonist; a synthetic opioid analgesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of morphine- risk of QTc prolongation and Torsades

Question 22

Acamprosate

Answer 22

GABA b agonist
Glutamate inhibitor
If abstinence is the goal
avoid in renal disease

Question 23

Buprenorphine

Answer 23

weak partial agonist at μ-opioid receptors.

Question 24

Disulfiram

Answer 24

blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, preventing acetaldehyde from being converted to Acetyl CoA

Question 25

Naloxone

Answer 25

competitive antagonist at mc, κ, and σ opiate receptors in the CNS; it is thought that the drug has the highest affinity for the μ receptor

Question 26

Naltrexone

Answer 26

Mu opioid inhibitor If controlled drinking is the goal When unable to stop drinking after the first drink Avoid in severe liver disease (LFTs 3x normal)

Question 27

Ropinirole

Answer 27

non-ergoline dopamine agonist with high relative in vitro specificity and full intrinsic activity at the D2 and D3 dopamine receptor subtypes, binding with higher affinity to D3 than to D2 or D4 receptor subtypes.

Question 28

selegiline

Answer 28

irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B

Question 29

cariprazine

Answer 29

a prolactin sparing antipsychotic: D2 and D3 partial agonist.

Question 30

Rivastigmine

Answer 30

pseudo-reversible cholinesterase inhibitor- behave like AcH

Question 31

Metrifonate

Answer 31

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor

Question 32

lithium

Answer 32

adjusts excitatory and inhibitory activities, decreased glutaminergic activity, increasing neural plasticity, second messenger system

Question 33

Tiagabine

Answer 33

potent inhibitor of GABA uptake into neurons and glial cells by inhibiting the GABA transporter. GAT-1

Question 34

Caffeine

Answer 34

. Mobilization of intracellular calcium and inhibition of specific phosphodiesterases only occur at high non-physiological concentrations of caffeine. 2. Antagonism at the level of adenosine receptors. 3. Caffeine increases energy metabolism throughout the brain but decreases at the same time cerebral blood flow, inducing a relative brain hypoperfusion.

Question 35

Topiramate

Answer 35

Inhibition of kainate mediated conductance at AMPA glutamate recept

Question 36

vigabatrin

Answer 36

a selective and irreversible GABA-transaminase inhibitor

Question 37

phenciclidine

Answer 37

NMDA receptor antagonist, which blocks the activity of the NMDA Receptor

Question 38

varenicline

Answer 38

Nicotinic receptor agonist which can cause neuropsychiatric side effects

Question 39

ketamine

Answer 39

acts on NMDA receptor