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Cardiovascular > Mechanism of Action / Class > Flashcards

Mechanism of Action / Class Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Altoprev

A

Lovastatin
HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor which prevents the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate

Rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

decreases LDL by 20 - 55%

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2
Q

Pravachol

A

Pravastatin
HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor which prevents the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate

Rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

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3
Q

Zocor

A

Simvastatin
HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor which prevents the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate

rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

decreases LDL by 20-55%

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4
Q

Zetia

A

Ezetimibe
inhibits ABSORPTION of cholesterol in the small instestine

decreases LDL by 18-23%

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5
Q

Praluent

A

Alirocumab
PSK9 inhibitor that blocks the defradation of LDL receptor

decreases LDL by 60%

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6
Q

Repatha

A

Evolocumab
PSK9 inhibitor that blocks the degradation of LDL receptor

decreases LDL by 60%!!!

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7
Q

Welchol

A

Colesevelam
Bile Acid Sequestrant

prevent the reabsorption of bile acids

decreases LDL by 10-30%
INCREASES TG :(

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8
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant

prevent the reabsorption of bile acids

decreases LDL by 10-30%
INCREASES TG :(

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9
Q

Antara

A

Fenofibrate
PPARalpha receptor activators which upregulate the expression of ApoC-II = increaes lipoprotein lipase = increase catabolism of VLDL = DECREASE TG

decrease TG by 20-50%

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10
Q

Lopid

A

Gemfibrozil
PPARalpha receptor activators which upregulate the expression of ApoC-II = increaes lipoprotein lipase = increase catabolism of VLDL = DECREASE TG

decrease TG by 20-50%

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11
Q

Tricor

A

Fenofibrate
PPARalpha receptor activators which upregulate the expression of ApoC-II = increaes lipoprotein lipase = increase catabolism of VLDL = DECREASE TG

decrease TG by 20-50%

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12
Q

Trilipix

A

Fenofibrate
PPARalpha receptor activators which upregulate the expression of ApoC-II = increaes lipoprotein lipase = increase catabolism of VLDL = DECREASE TG

decrease TG by 20-50%

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13
Q

Niacin

A

decreases hepatic synthesis of VLDL and LDL

*increases HDL by 15-35%

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14
Q

Lovaza

A

Omega-3 acid ethyl ester

fish oil that decreases TG
***can increase LDL :(

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15
Q

Vascepa

A

Icosapent ethyl

fish oil that decreases TG
**can increase LDL

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16
Q

Zestoretic

A

Lisinopril / HTCZ

-ACE inhibitor block conversion of angiotensin I to II to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion

  • Thiazide inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
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17
Q

Exforge

A

Valsartan / Amlodipine

-ARB block angiotensin II from binding to its receptor and preventing vasoconstriction

  • DHP CCB inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle to decrease peripheral arterial pressure
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18
Q

Benicar HCT

A

Olmesartan / HTCZ

-ARB block angiotensin II from binding to its receptor and preventing vasoconstriction

  • Thiazide inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule causing increased secretion of water, Na, Cl, and K
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19
Q

Diovan HCT

A

Valsartan / HTCZ

-ARB block angiotensin II from binding to its receptor and preventing vasoconstriction

  • Thiazide inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule causing increased secretion of water, Na, Cl, and K
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20
Q

Ziac

A

Bisoprolol / HCTZ
- Beta- 1 selective beta blockers causes decrease in HR
**preferred in HF patients

  • Thiazide inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule causing increased secretion of water, Na, Cl, and K
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21
Q

Maxzide, Dyazide

A

Triamterene / HTCZ
- Potassium sparing diuretic

  • Thiazide inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule causing increased secretion of water, Na, Cl, and K
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22
Q

Tenoretic

A

Atenolol / Chlorthalidone
- beta 1 selective beta blockers cause decrease HR

  • Thiazide inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule causing increased secretion of water, Na, Cl, and K
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23
Q

Lotrel

A

Benazepril / Amlodipine
-ACE inhibitor block conversion of angiotensin I to II to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion

  • DHP CCB inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle to decrease peripheral arterial pressure
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24
Q

Norvasc

Study These Flashcards
A

Amlodipine
DHP CCB inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle to decrease peripheral arterial pressure

25
Cardene IV
Nicardipine DHP CCB inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle to decrease peripheral arterial pressure
26
Procardia XL
Nifedipine ER DHP CCB inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle to decrease peripheral arterial pressure
27
Adalat CC
Nifedipine ER DHP CCB inhibit Ca ions from entering vascular smooth muscle to decrease peripheral arterial pressure
28
Tiazac
Diltiazem non DHP CCB control HR **negative inotropic (contraction) effects too moderate pgp and CYP3A4 inhibitors LOWER the doses of simvastatin and lovastatin!!!
29
Calan SR
Verapamil non DHP CCB control HR **negative inotropic (contraction) moderate pgp and CYP3A4 inhibitors LOWER the doses of simvastatin and lovastatin!!!
30
Altace
Ramipril ACE inhibitor block Angio I to II conversion to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
31
Vasotec
Enalapril ACE inhibitor block Angio I to II conversion to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
32
Lotensin
Benazepril ACE inhibitor block Angio I to II conversion to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
33
Prinivil
Lisinopril ACE inhibitor block Angio I to II conversion to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
34
Accupril
Quinipril ACE inhibitor block Angio I to II conversion to decrease vasoconstriction and aldosterone release
35
Avapro
Irbesartan ARB block angio II from receptor to prevent vasoconstriction
36
Benicar
Olmesartan ARB block angio II from receptor to prevent vasoconstriction
37
Cozaar
Losartan ARB block angio II from receptor to prevent vasoconstriction
38
Diovan
Valsartan ARB block angio II from receptor to prevent vasoconstriction
39
Aliskiren
Direct renin inhibitor
40
Aldactone
Spironolactone Aldosterone antagonist (non-selective) will also block androgen
41
Eplerenone
Selective aldosterone antagtonist (no endocrine side effects)
42
Triamterene
Potassium sparing diuretic
43
Lopressor
Metoprolol Beta 1 selective blocker
44
Bystolic
Nebivolol Beta 1 selective blocker with Nitric Oxide (NO) vasodilation
45
Inderal
Propanolol Beta 1 and 2 blocker ***HIGHLY lipid solubility that passes BBB
46
Corgard
Nadolol Beta 1 and 2 blocker ***HIGHLY lipid soluble that passes BBB
47
Coreg
Carvediol Beta 1, 2 and Alpha 1 blocker
48
Labetalol
Beta 1,3, and alpha 1 blocker
49
Catapres
Clonidine central acting alpha 2 agonist that stimulating sympathetic outflow of NE to decrease SVR and HR ***patch formulation for patients who cannot swallow!!! remember it is Kapvay for ADHD
50
Methyldopa
centrally acting alpha 2 agonist that stimulates NE to decrease SVR and HR ***DILE drug
51
Guanfacine
Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist ** Intuniv brand name for ADHD
52
Hydralazine
direct vasodilator of arteries ***DILE drug
53
Sacubitril
Neprilysin inhibitor that increases Natriuretic Peptide that are VASODILATORY ***1st line in HFrEF
54
What are the first line agents for Heart Failure patients?
Beta blockers ACE inhibitors (Entresto) Loop diuretics
55
What HF medications decrease mortality?
Aldosterone Antagonists SGLT2 inhibitors Beta blockers ACE/ARBs Hydralazine/Nitrate
56
What benefit does Lanoxin provide in heart failure patients?
increase cardiac output and decreases cardiac hospitalizations MOA: inhibits Na-K-ATPase causing a positive inotropic effect (increasing cardiac output) and negative chronotropic effect (decrease HR) SE: bradycardia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesium, hypercalcemia, mental disturbances PGP and CYP substrate (lower dose by 50% with amiodarone)
57
What are the requirements for starting ivabradine in a heart failure candidate?
- must be at target dose on all mortality decreasing HF medications - be in sinus rhythm with HR >/= 70 bpm SE: bradycardia, QTc prolongation, afib ****do not use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors
58
Vericiguat can be used to treat what?
Heart failure soluble cGC stimulator BW: pregnancy - need contraception during use!
59
What supplementation might be needed for HF patients?
Potassium (Klor-Con, Micro-K, K-Tab) Oral solution 10% (20mEq/15mL) mix with 6 oz of water Capsules: Klor-Con Sprinkle, Micro-K can be opened ER tablets: K-Tab, Klor-Con 10 swallow whole Klor Con M - can be split it half SE; abdominal pain/cramping, DIARRHEA, nausea, flatuence

Cardiovascular (6 decks)

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