Mechanism of Breathing/Compliance

Question 1

This is a disease caused by the infiltration of connective tissue.

Answer 1

fibrosis

Question 2

_______ is a disease caused by the loss of elastic tissue, which results in high lung compliance.

Answer 2

Emphysema

Question 3

A high compliance will provide less elastic recoil pressure, making it difficult to _____.

Answer 3

expire

Question 4

What is transpulmonary pressure (PTP)?

Answer 4

the difference between PL and the intrapleural pressure PIP (PTP = PL - PIP) the driving force for changing lung volume during breathing

Question 5

What is the pressure outside the lung called?

Answer 5

the intrapleural pressure (PIP)

Question 6

The inherent tendency of the lung to recoil back toward its intrinsic equilibrium position produces a transient positive pressure inside of lung, often referred to as a lung’s ______.

Answer 6

elastic recoil pressure

Question 7

Compliance, C, provides a measure of the _____ of the lung.

Answer 7

elastic properties

Question 8

Fibrosis is associated with _____ compliance.

Answer 8

low

Question 9

Emphysema is a disease caused by _______, which results in high lung compliance.

Answer 9

the loss of elastic tissue

Question 10

What are the chest wall abnormalities that cause respiratory problems from changed compliance?

Answer 10

abnormalities of the bony thorax abnormalities of the soft tissue (obesity) old age

Question 11

The lungs have ______ at their volume at rest, so that it is easier for them to inflate during normal breathing. At high volumes, the ______ decreases, making expansion more difficult.

Answer 11

high compliance; compliance

Question 12

Emphysema is a disease caused by the loss of elastic tissue, which results in ______ compliance.

Answer 12

high

Question 13

During inspiration, air flows into the lung because the lung pressure becomes negative with respect to Pmouth (always at atmospheric pressure), while during expiration, air flows out of the lung because ______.

Answer 13

the lung pressure becomes positive with respect to Pmouth

Question 14

During inspiration, air flows into the lung because _____(always at atmospheric pressure), while during expiration, air flows out of the lung because the lung pressure becomes positive with respect to Pmouth.

Answer 14

the lung pressure becomes negative with respect to Pmouth

Question 15

When the diaphragm contracts alone, the upper ribs are drawn _____.

Answer 15

inwards

Question 16

The source of PIP is?

Answer 16

the intrinsic elastic properties of the lung and the chest wall

Question 17

The most important inspiratory muscle is the _____, which is innervated solely from the phrenic nerves.

Answer 17

diaphragm

Question 18

_____ provides a measure of the elastic properties of the lung.

Answer 18

Compliance, C

Question 19

The inherent tendency of the lung to recoil back toward its intrinsic equilibrium position produces a transient ______ inside of lung, often referred to as a lung’s elastic recoil pressure.

Answer 19

positive pressure

Question 20

What is the PIP at the end of inspiration?

Answer 20

–30 cm H2O

Question 21

Compliance is defined as _______.

Answer 21

the change in volume per unit change in pressure C = ΔV/ΔP

Question 22

The most important ______ muscle is the diaphragm, which is innervated solely from the ______ nerves.

Answer 22

inspiratory; phrenic

Question 23

What is fibrosis?

Answer 23

a disease caused by the infiltration of connective tissue

Question 24

Maximal tension (maximal force) for the diaphragm is achieved at ____% of its resting length.

Answer 24

130

Question 25

_______ is defined as the change in volume per unit change in pressure, C = ΔV/ΔP.

Answer 25

Compliance is defined as the change in volume per unit change in pressure, C = ΔV/ΔP.

Question 26

What is the PIP at the end of expiration?

Answer 26

–5 cm H2O

Question 27

A high compliance will provide ______, making it difficult to expire.

Answer 27

less elastic recoil pressure

Question 28

A highly compliant lung is one that has ______.

Answer 28

lost its elasticity

Question 29

What is hysteresis?

Answer 29

the different transpulmonary pressures required to effect a given volume change

Question 30

Compliance is inversely proportional to the _____ of the lung.

Answer 30

elasticity

Question 31

During normal breathing the excursion of the domes of the diaphragm is _____, increasing to _____ during deep breathing.

Answer 31

1.5 cm; 6-7 cm

Question 32

How does old age change compliance?

Answer 32

a reduction in the tidal volume –> reduced air flow

Question 33

Compliance is _______ to the elasticity of the lung.

Answer 33

inversely proportional