MECHANISM: reduction/nucleophilic addition Flashcards
1
Q
How are aldehydes and ketones reduced and show their mechanism.
A
aldehydes reduced using NaBH4 in aqueous solution into PRIMARY ALCOHOLS
ketones reduced using NaBH4 in aqueous solution into SECONDARY ALCOHOLS.
delta positive carbon is present because oxygen is very electronegative. carbon attracts attacks from nucleophiles.
2
Q
Show the mechanism for aldehydes/ketones in hydroxynitriles.
A
reagents: KCN + dilute acid (H2SO4)
3
Q
What are the hazards of using KCN?
A
- KCN is an irritant, should not be ingested/inhaled
- KCN + moisture = toxic gas eg hydrogen cyanide
4
Q
How to reduce the risks of KCN?
A
- use a fume cupboard to prevent exposure to toxic fumes
- wear gloves + safety goggles
- wear a lab coat
