Mechanisms

Question 1

Nucleophilic Substitution (:CN- or -OH)

Answer 1

Question 2

Nucleophilic addition

Answer 2

can be done with H- from NaBH4 or -CN from KCN

Question 3

Nucleophilic addition-elimination

Answer 3

Can take place with acyl chlorides/acid anhydrides and any of water, alcohols, ammonia or amines

Question 4

Elimination (halogenoalkanes)

Answer 4

can generate a variety of products depending on which H is removed (from which side of the halogen)

Question 5

Electrophilic substitution

Answer 5

Two different ways to form carbocation intermediate needed for the reaction

Question 6

Electrophilic addition

Answer 6

can take place with Br2/HBr or H2SO4
Can generate a variety of products

Question 7

Free radical substitution

Answer 7

Question 8

Elimination (alcohols)

Answer 8

can generate a variety of products depending on which H is removed (from which side of the alcohols)

Question 9

Nucleophilic Substitution (ammonia)

Answer 9

If NH3 in excess then makes primary amine, if halogenoalkane in excess then it makes a quaternary ammonium salt