Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

nonpathogen

A

very unlikely to cause disease, very low pathogenicity, very high LD 50

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2
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

unlikely to cause disease unless host is debilitated, low virulence, high LD 50

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3
Q

pathogen

A

routinely causes disease in previously healthy hosts, mid high virulence, low-mid LD 50

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4
Q

virulence factors

A

genes found experimentally necessary for pathogens to produce disease

involved in surviving extreme environments, adhesion, immune evasion, host cell takeover, poisoning the host

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5
Q

exotoxin

A

virulence factor secreted from pathogen or injected into host cell by T3SS, profound toxicity may result from superantigenicity, interference with signal transduction, depolymerization of actin, or other activities

often encoded on accessory DNA that comes in on plasmids or by phage infection

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6
Q

toxoid

A

heat or chemically inactivated exotoxin, often used as vaccine

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7
Q

pathogenicity island

A

several virulence factors that are regulated together

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8
Q

endotoxin

A

intrinsic to the surface of bacteria, cause immunogenic symptoms, neither previous exposure nor vaccination is protective

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9
Q

asymptomatic, inapparent, subclinical infection

A

host defences clear pathogen before any symptoms of disease are noted

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10
Q

noncommunicable infection

A

comes from environment, not a previous host (botulism, legionnaires disease)

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11
Q

commensals

A

and normal flora are usually nonpathogens with some opportunistic pathogens (ex. S. aureus on skin)

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12
Q

infectious dose (ID 50)

A

lower means fewer infecting organisms needed to cause symptoms of disease

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13
Q

lethal dose (LD 50)

A

lower means fewer infecting organisms needed to kill the host

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14
Q

type 3&4 secretion systems (T3SS)

A

allows takeover of host cells

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15
Q

actin polymerization

A

pathways for cell to cell spread

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16
Q

siderophores

A

resistant to drying or detergents

17
Q

prodrome period

A

nonspecific immunogenic symptoms like fever and fatigue