Mechanisms of Cell Injury Flashcards Preview

Pathology 1 (RUSVM) KP > Mechanisms of Cell Injury > Flashcards

Flashcards in Mechanisms of Cell Injury Deck (19)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Proteasomes

A

Degrades denatured proteins and releases peptides

2
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Breakdown fatty acids and generates hydrogen peroxide

3
Q

Cell polarity

A

The spatial differences in shape, structure, and function of cells

4
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Responsible for cell movement
  2. Maintains cell shape and intracellular organization
  3. Can move organelles and proteins within the cell
5
Q

What are the components of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Actin microfilaments
  2. Intermediate filaments
  3. Microtubules
6
Q

Mitochondria

A

A regulator of apoptosis

7
Q

Differential Diagnosis for cell injury

A

DAMN-IT-V

8
Q

Most common causes of cell injury

A
  1. Oxygen deficiency
  2. Infectious agents
  3. Immunologic dysfunction
9
Q

Anoxia

A

No O2 delivery to a tissue

10
Q

What are some infectious agents that can cause cell injury?

A
  1. Viruses
  2. Bacteria
  3. Fungal
  4. Protozoan
  5. Metazoan parasites
11
Q

Immune dysfunction example

A

Congenital defects: SCIDS (arabian foals)

12
Q

What are the 6 major mechanisms of cell injury?

A
  1. Depletion of ATP
  2. Mitochondrial damage
  3. Loss of calcium homeostasis
  4. Accumulation of reactive oxygen-derived free-radicals
  5. Membrane damage
  6. Damage to proteins and DNA
13
Q

The depletion of ATP can be due to what factors?

A
  1. Hypoxic injury
  2. Toxic injury ex: Cyanide
    * *This is the fundamental cause of necrotic cell death due to irreversible mitochondrial and lysosomal membrane damage.
14
Q

How far can ATP be depleted before its too much? Range?

A

Depletion of 5 to 10 percent is bad news bears

15
Q

When there is mitochondrial damage what will be seen soon after?

A
  1. Formation of the MPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore)
  2. Production of ROS
  3. Activation of apoptotic pathways
16
Q

What reactions occur due to the unstable configurations when there is an increase of reactive oxygen radicals?

A

Autocatalytic reactions

17
Q

What role do antioxidants play in reference to reactive oxygen radicals?

A

Vitamin E, A, and glutathione block initiation and inactivate free radicals

18
Q

What are other ways to remove ROS?

A
  1. Transferrin, ferritin, ceruloplasmin (storage and transport proteins
  2. Enzymes: Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase
19
Q

What is oxidative stress?

A

When ROS production exceeds antioxidant capacity

-example: inflammation