Mechanisms of Evolution

Question 1

individuals in a species carry different alleles (one member of a pair) that are located at a specific position on a specific chromosome

Answer 1

Genetic Variation

Question 2

It is the difference in DNA sequences between individuals within a population,

Answer 2

Genetic Variation

Question 3

It is any change in gene and allele frequencies within a population or species.

Answer 3

Evolution

Question 4

It is an alternative form of a gene.

Answer 4

Allele

Question 5

It is the proportion of gene copies in a population of a given allele.

Answer 5

allele frequencies

Question 6

Affects variation in a population as the better adapted (more fit) individuals to their environment survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to successive generations increasing the frequency of favorable alleles in the population.

Answer 6

Natural Selection

Question 7

Nature “selects” which organisms will be successful

Answer 7

Natural Selection

Question 8

The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

Answer 8

Natural Selection

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE?

In nature, more offspring are produced than can survive.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE?

In any population, individuals have no variations.

Answer 10

FALSE. They have variations.

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE?

Individuals with advantageous variations survive and pass on their variations to the next generation.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE?

Overtime, offspring with certain disadvantageous variations make up most of the population.

Answer 12

FALSE. The offspring that make up the most of the population are those with advantageous variations.

Question 13

It is what happens when two or more populations interbreed. This generally increases genetic diversity.

Answer 13

Gene Flow

Question 14

Is the movement of alleles into or out of a population (immigration or emigration).

Answer 14

Gene Flow

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE?

Genetic Drift can introduce new alleles into a gene pool or can change allele frequencies.

Answer 15

FALSE. The statement refers to Gene Flow.

Question 16

The overall effect of this mechanism is to counteract natural selection by creating fewer differences between populations.

Answer 16

Gene Flow

Question 17

Plant pollen being blown into a new area is an example of?

Answer 17

Gene Flow

Question 18

Some individuals from a population of brown beetles might have joined a population of green beetles. That would make the genes for brown beetles more frequent in the green beetle population.

The situation above shows an example of?

Answer 18

Gene Flow

Question 19

The change in allele frequencies as a result of chance processes. These changes are much more pronounced in small populations.

Answer 19

Genetic Drift

Question 20

Directly related to the population numbers.

Answer 20

Genetic Drift

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE?

Smaller population sizes are more susceptible to genetic drift than larger populations because there is a greater chance that a rare allele will be lost.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

What are the two examples of Genetic Drift?

Answer 22

1) The Founder Effect
2) Population Bottleneck

Question 23

It occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population.

Answer 23

The Founder Effect

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE?

A small population that branches off from a larger one will be genetically representative of the larger population from which it was derived.

Answer 24

FALSE. It may or may not be. It is not certain.

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE? Only a fraction of the total genetic diversity of the original gene pool is represented in these few individuals.

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

any kind of event that reduces the population significantly (Earthquakes, floods, diseases, etc.)

Answer 26

Bottleneck

Question 27

Occurs when a population undergoes an event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing.

Answer 27

Population Bottleneck

Question 28

These are inheritable changes in the genotype.

Answer 28

Mutations

Question 29

TRUE OR FALSE? A mutation is a change in DNA, the hereditary material of life.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

Mutations provide the variation that can be acted upon by what?

Answer 30

Natural Selection

Question 31

These provide the raw material on which natural selection can act.

Answer 31

Mutations

Question 32

These are the only source of genetic material and new alleles.

Answer 32

Mutations

Question 33

TRUE OR FALSE? Mutations can be neutral, harmful, or beneficial (gives an individual a better chance for survival).

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE? antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one form of Mutations

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

It affects how an organism looks, how it behaves, and its physiology—all aspects of its life.

Answer 35

DNA

Question 36

They occur in non-reproductive cells and won’t be passed onto offspring.

Answer 36

Somatic mutations

Question 37

For example, the golden color on half of this Red Delicious apple was caused by a what?

Answer 37

Somatic mutations

Question 38

They occur in reproductive cells like eggs and sperm. It is the only mutation that matters to large-scale evolution because it can be passed onto offspring.

Answer 38

Germline mutations

Question 39

The following are the range of effects of a single germline mutation, except? a) No change occurs in phenotype. b) Small change occurs in phenotype. c) The big change occurs in genotype. A single mutation cannot have strong negative effects on the organism.

Answer 39

c) The big change occurs in genotype. A single mutation cannot have strong negative effects on the organism. The big change actually occurs in phenotype. Even a single mutation can have a strong negative effects on the organism.

Question 40

Mutations that cause the death of an organism are called?

Answer 40

Letha

Question 41

TRUE OR FALSE? The following are the causes of Variation: 1) DNA fails to copy accurately. 2) External influences can create mutations. 3) Mutations can also be caused by exposure to specific chemicals or radiation.

Answer 41

FALSE. These are the causes of Mutations.

Question 42

In animals, this mechanism can change allele frequencies as the choice of mates is often an important part of behavior.

Answer 42

Non-random mating

Question 43

Many plants ____, which is also a form of non-random mating (inbreeding).

Answer 43

self-pollinate

Question 44

It results in a variety of traits in offspring as a result of crossing over in meiosis and mutations

Answer 44

Sexual reproduction

Question 45

It is a source of variation.

Answer 45

Genetic shuffling

Question 46

It occurs when certain traits increase mating success.

Answer 46

Sexual selection

Question 47

A Sexual Selection that refers to the competition among males.

Answer 47

intrasexual selection

Question 48

A Sexual Selection in which males display certain traits to females.

Answer 48

intersexual selection

Question 49

It refers to the percentage of alleles in a population.

Answer 49

Genetic Frequency

Question 50

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Answer 50

Genotype

Question 51

Appearance of an organism as distinguished from its genetic makeup.

Answer 51

Phenotype (usually depends on Genotype)

Question 52

TRUE OR FALSE? Mutations are random.

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

TRUE OR FALSE? If mutations happen in somatic cells, it affects evolution.

Answer 53

FALSE. It doesn't affect evolution.